Traiter 2020-10-06 16:03

How to colorize the traits

Family Taxon Text
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Castanea Trees or shrubs , winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn. Inflorescences staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flowers 1-3 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 6(-9). Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors); cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut(s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs; nuts 1-3 per cupule, plano-convex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud count location: terminal, min: 0
flower count sex: female, low: 1, high: 3
fruit count low: 1
leaf count low: 2
leaf shape shape: ovoid
plant count low: 2, high: 4
low: 1, high: 3
low: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant margin shape margin_shape: spiny
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant shape shape: connate
shape: convex
shape: orbicular
stamen count low: 12, max: 18
stipule duration duration: deciduous
style count low: 6, max: 9
x count low: 12
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Castanea dentata Trees , often massive, formerly to 30 m, now persisting mostly as multistemmed resprouts to 5-10 m because of widespread destruction by blight. Bark gray, smooth when young, furrowed in age. Twigs glabrous. Leaves: petiole (8-)10-30(-40) mm. Leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, 90-300 × 30-100 mm, base cuneate, margins sharply serrate, each tooth triangular, gradually tapering to awn often more than 2 mm, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces abaxially often without stellate trichomes, appearing glabrous but with evenly distributed, minute, multicellular, embedded glands between veins and sparse, straight, simple trichomes concentrated on veins, stellate or tufted trichomes absent. Staminate flowers with conspicuous pistillodes, whitish or yellowish straight hairs in center of flower. Pistillate flowers 3 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 4-valved, enclosing 3 flowers/fruits, valves irregularly dehiscing along 4 sutures at maturity, spines of cupule essentially glabrous, with a few scattered simple trichomes; nuts 3 per cupule, obovate, 18-25 × 18-25 mm, flattened on 1 or both sides, beak to 8mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
flower count sex: female, low: 3
fruit beak size length_high: 8, length_units: mm
fruit count low: 4
low: 3
low: 4
low: 3
low: 1
fruit shape shape: obovate
fruit size length_low: 18, length_high: 25, width_low: 18, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf margin shape shape: triangular
leaf margin size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 90, length_high: 300, width_low: 30, width_high: 100, width_units: mm
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf vein count min: 0
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_min: 8, length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_max: 40, length_units: mm
pistil color color: white
color: yellow
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Castanea ozarkensis Trees, occasionally shrubs , previously often massive, to 20 m, now rarely more than 10 m, mostly resprouting following blight. Bark brownish, deeply or moderately fissured. Twigs glabrous when young. Leaves: petiole usually (8-)10-15 mm. Leaf blade narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, (40-)120-200(-260) × 30-100 mm, base rounded to slightly cordate or slightly cuneate, margins sharply serrate, each lateral vein terminating in cuneate, gradually acuminate tooth with awn usually more than 2 mm, apex acute or acuminate; surfaces abaxially densely to sparsely covered with appressed, whitish, minute, stellate trichomes, sometimes essentially glabrate, especially on shade leaves, veins glabrous or with a few simple trichomes. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower/fruit, valves irregularly dehiscing along 2 sutures, longest spines usually more than 10 mm; nut 1 per cupule, oval-conic, 9-19 × 8-14 mm, round in cross section, not flattened, beak less than 3mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
flower count sex: female, low: 1
fruit beak size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
fruit count low: 2
low: 1
low: 2
low: 1
fruit shape shape: orbicular
fruit size length_low: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 19, width_low: 8, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin location location: lateral
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf margin shape shape: cuneate
shape: acuminate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: acuminate
leaf size length_min: 40, length_low: 120, length_high: 200, length_max: 260, width_low: 30, width_high: 100, width_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_min: 8, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 10, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Castanea pumila Shrubs or trees , to 15 m, often rhizomatous. Bark gray to brown, smooth to slightly fissured. Twigs puberulent with spreading hairs, occasionally glabrate with age. Leaves: petiole 3-7(-10) mm. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, 40-210 × 20-80 mm, base rounded to cordate, margins obscurely to sharply serrate, each abruptly acuminate tooth with awn usually less than 2 mm; surfaces abaxially typically densely covered with appressed stellate or erect-woolly, whitish to brown trichomes, sometimes essentially glabrate especially on shade leaves, veins often minutely puberulent. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule. Fruits: cupule 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower, valves irregularly dehiscing along 2 sutures, longest spines usually less than 10 mm; nut 1 per cupule, ovate-conic, 7-21 × 7-19 mm, round in cross section, not flattened, beak less than 3mm excluding styles.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
flower beak size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 1
low: 2
low: 1
flower shape shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
flower size length_low: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 21, width_low: 7, width_high: 19, width_units: mm
fruit count low: 2
low: 1
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf margin shape shape: acuminate
leaf margin size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 40, length_high: 210, width_low: 20, width_high: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: brown
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_max: 10, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Chrysolepis Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Terminal buds present, ovoid or subglobose, scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, often persistent around buds. Leaf blade thick, leathery, margins entire or obscurely toothed, secondary veins obscure, branching and anastomosing before reaching margin. Inflorescences staminate or androgynous, axillary, clustered at ends of branches, spicate, ascending, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens (6-)12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flowers (1-)3 or more per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 3. Fruits: maturation in 2d year following pollination (termed biennial by many authors); cupule 2-several-valved, valves distinct, completely enclosing nuts, densely spiny, spines irregularly branched, interlocking, without simple hairs, with large, yellowish, multicellular glands; nuts (1-)3-several per cupule, 3-angled to rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts separated from each other by internal cupule valves. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: subglobose
flower count sex: female, min: 1, low: 3
fruit count low: 2
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
plant count low: 2
min: 1, low: 3
low: 3
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: branching
plant hair color color: yellow
plant margin shape margin_shape: spiny
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: orbicular
stamen count min: 6, low: 12, max: 18
stipule duration duration: persistent
style count low: 3
x count low: 12
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Chrysolepis chrysophylla Trees or erect shrubs , to 45 m. Bark thick, rough. Twigs densely covered with tight, yellowish, peltate trichomes. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm. Leaf blade flat or folded upward along midvein, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces abaxially usually golden or brownish with dense glandular trichomes. Fruits: cupule yellowish, 20-60 mm thick, densely spiny, surface obscured; nut light brown, (6-)8-12(-15) mm, glabrous, completely enclosed by cupule until maturity.
Trait Label Trait Data
fruit color color: yellow
color: brown
fruit margin shape margin_shape: spiny
fruit size thickness_low: 20, thickness_high: 60, thickness_units: mm
length_min: 6, length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_max: 15, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf surface color color: golden
color: brown
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size length_high: 45, length_units: m
twig color color: yellow
twig shape shape: peltate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. minor
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Chrysolepis sempervirens Shrubs , rhizomatous-spreading, 0.2-1(-2.5) m. Bark gray or brown, thin, smooth. Twigs densely covered with tight, yellowish, peltate trichomes. Leaves: petiole 10-15 mm. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, to 75 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse, occasionally somewhat acute; surfaces abaxially rusty or golden pubescent, often becoming glabrate and glaucous with age. Fruits: cupule yellowish, 20-60 mm thick, densely spiny, surface obscured; nut light brown, 8-13 mm, glabrous, completely enclosed by cupule until maturity.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
fruit color color: yellow
color: brown
fruit margin shape margin_shape: spiny
fruit size thickness_low: 20, thickness_high: 60, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 13, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_high: 75, length_units: mm
leaf surface color color: golden
color: glaucous
petiole size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: shrub
plant size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 1.0, length_max: 2.5, length_units: m
twig color color: yellow
twig shape shape: peltate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Fagaceae Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous. Winter buds sessile, with few to many imbricate scales (2 valvate scales enclosing imbricate scales in Castanea ); terminal bud present or absent. Leaves alternate, spirally arranged, simple; stipules deciduous (usually), distinct, scarious; petiole present. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, pinnately veined, margins serrate, dentate, or entire; surfaces usually pubescent, at least when young, sometimes with scales. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous catkins; staminate and androgynous catkins spicate or capitate, rigid, flexible, or lax, consisting of few- to many-flowered clusters, bracts present or absent; pistillate catkins rigid or flexible, with 1-several spicately arranged, rarely solitary, terminal cupules bearing 1-3(-15 or more) pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers bracteate, bracts often caducous; sepals (3-)4-6(-8); stamens (3-)6-12(-18 or more); petals absent; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, pollen sacs contiguous; pistillode often present and indurate, or vestigial as central tuft of trichomes. Pistillate flowers: calyx of 4-6 distinct or connate sepals; petals absent; pistil 1, 3(-6 or more)-carpellate; ovary inferior, locules as many as carpels; placentation axile; ovules pendulous, 2 in each locule, all but 1 in each pistil usually aborting; styles as many as carpels, distinct to base; stigmas dry; staminodes present or absent. Fruits nuts, sometimes winged, 1-seeded, subtended or enclosed individually or in groups of 2-3(-15) by scaly or spiny, multibracteate cupule; seed coat membranous; endosperm none; embryo straight, as long as seed; cotyledons fleshy, starchy or oily.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther locular count low: 2
bract count min: 0
bud count location: terminal, min: 0
bud scales count low: 2
calyx count low: 4, high: 6
calyx shape shape: connate
catkin count sex: female, low: 1
sex: female, low: 1, high: 3
sex: female, low: 15
catkin location sex: female, location: terminal
fruit count low: 1
fruit margin shape margin_shape: spiny
leaf lobe count min: 0
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
ovary count low: 2
low: 1
ovary floral location floral_location: inferior
petal count min: 0
min: 0
pistil count low: 1
low: 3
low: 6
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: shrub
habit: lax
plant reproduction reproduction: unisexual
sepal count min: 3, low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
stamen count min: 3, low: 6, high: 12
low: 18
min: 0
stipule duration duration: deciduous
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Fagus Trees , winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
flower count sex: female, low: 2
fruit count low: 1
low: 4
low: 2
low: 3
fruit surface count min: 0
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1
inflorescence location sex: female, location: terminal
leaf margin shape shape: acute
pistil count min: 0
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant reproduction reproduction: unisexual
sepal shape shape: connate
stamen count low: 6, high: 16
stipule duration duration: deciduous
style count low: 3
x count low: 12
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Fagus grandifolia Trees , to 20(-30) m. Bark gray, smooth. Twigs glabrous at maturity, or with scattered, straight, silky, simple hairs, prominent ringlike bud scale scars at beginning of each year's growth. Buds narrowly fusiform, to 15-20 mm, apex acute, scales few, silky light brown or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 4-12 mm. Leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, rarely obovate, 60-120 × 25-75 mm, base cuneate or subacute, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially with scattered straight silky hairs, these often concentrated on midrib, occasionally glabrous or much more villous. Fruits: cupule brown to reddish brown, 15-20(-25) mm, opening at maturity to reveal nuts; nut 15-20 × 10-18 mm wide, glabrous or puberulent, often hollow even when full-sized.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud scales color color: brown
bud shape shape: fusiform
bud size length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
fruit color color: brown
color: red-brown
fruit size length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 20, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: subacute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 60, length_high: 120, width_low: 25, width_high: 75, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_low: 20, length_max: 30, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Lithocarpus Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Terminal buds present, ovate, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, persistent around buds. Leaf blade leathery, margins entire or obscurely toothed to serrate, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin. Inflorescences staminate and androgynous, axillary, often appearing terminal and branched by reduction of leaves, spicate, erect or ascending, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. Staminate flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18 or more) typically surrounding indurated pistillode covered with silky hairs. Pistillate flower 1 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 2d year following pollination; cupule cup-shaped, without any indication of valves, covering proximal portion of nut, scaly, spines absent, scales strongly reflexed, hooked at tip; nut 1 per cupule, round in cross section, not winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovate
flower count sex: female, low: 1
fruit count low: 2
min: 0
low: 1
fruit shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: orbicular
inflorescence location sex: male, location: terminal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: serrate
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
stamen count low: 12
low: 18
stipule duration duration: persistent
style count low: 3
x count low: 12
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Lithocarpus densiflorus Shrubs or trees , to 20(-45) m. Bark gray or brown, smooth or deeply furrowed. Twigs densely yellowish tomentose. Leaf blade adaxially convex, to 60-120 mm, leathery to brittle, margins often revolute, regularly toothed, teeth prominent to obscure; surfaces abaxially prominently and densely woolly, often glabrate at maturity, revealing gray or bluish green waxy surface, veins often distally impressed. Fruits: cup scales subulate, spreading to strongly recurved, hooked; nut yellowish brown, globose to cylindric-tapered, to 15-35 mm, extremely hard, densely tomentose, eventually glabrate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
fruit color color: yellow-brown
fruit scales shape shape: subulate
fruit shape shape: spheric
shape: cylindric
fruit size length_low: 15, length_high: 35, length_units: mm
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: convex
leaf size length_low: 60, length_high: 120, length_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: green
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant size length_low: 20, length_max: 45, length_units: m
twig color color: yellow
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Lithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Lithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus Trees or shrubs , evergreen or winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds spheric to ovoid, terete or angled, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules deciduous and inconspicuous (except in Quercus sadleriana ). Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, thin or leathery, margins entire, toothed, or awned-toothed, secondary veins either unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, or branching and anastomosing before reaching margin. Inflorescences unisexual, in axils of leaves or bud scales, usually clustered at base of new growth; staminate inflorescences lax, spicate; pistillate inflorescences usually stiff, with terminal cupule and sometimes 1-several sessile, lateral cupules. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens (2-)6(-12), surrounding tuft of silky hairs (apparently a reduced pistillode). Pistillate flower 1 per cupule; sepals connate; carpels and styles 3(-6). Fruits: maturation annual or biennial; cup variously shaped (saucer- to cup- or bowl- to goblet-shaped), without indication of valves, covering base of nut (rarely whole nut), scaly, scales imbricate or reduced to tubercles, not or weakly reflexed, never hooked; nut 1 per cup, round in cross section, not winged. x = 12.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud shape location: terminal, shape: spheric
location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: terete
flower count sex: female, low: 1
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1
inflorescence location sex: female, location: terminal
sex: female, location: lateral
leaf lobe count min: 0
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: branching
habit: lax
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant_duration: biennial
plant reproduction reproduction: unisexual
plant shape shape: orbicular
sepal shape shape: connate
shape: connate
stamen count min: 2, low: 6, max: 12
stipule duration duration: deciduous
style count low: 3, max: 6
x count low: 12
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus Sect. Lobatae Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Bark gray to dark brown or black, smooth or furrowed. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually retuse, rarely apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx free from ovary, forming free skirt or flange; styles linear-spatulate. Acorns: maturation biennial, rarely annual; cup with scales distinct, flat, thin, rarely somewhat keeled or tuberculate; nut with inner wall silky-tomentose, abortive ovules apical (rarely in some species variable in position or subbasal), seed coat adhering to seed at maturity. Cotyledons distinct, rarely partially connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther shape shape: retuse
bark color color: gray
color: brown
color: black
calyx lobe count low: 2, high: 6
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf lobe count min: 0
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant_duration: annual
plant scales shape shape: keeled
style shape shape: linear-spatulate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus Sect. Protobalanus Trees or shrubs , evergreen. Bark grayish white to reddish brown, scaly to smooth with furrows. Leaf blade never lobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually spinose. Staminate flowers: calyx 5-6-lobed; anthers attenuate-apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles short and dilated to long and abruptly enlarged. Acorns: maturation biennial; cup pedunculate, cup scales distinct or laterally connate, base thickened and corky (tuberculate); nut with inner wall densely to sparsely tomentose, abortive ovules apical to lateral or basal, sometimes variable within individual plants, seed coats adhering to seed, sometimes to fruit wall at maturity. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther shape shape: attenuate
bark color color: gray-white
color: red-brown
calyx lobe count low: 5, high: 6
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
ovary location location: lateral
location: basal
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: connate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus Sect. Quercus Trees or shrubs , evergreen or deciduous. Bark nearly white, gray, brown, or black, smooth, scaly, flaky, or rarely furrowed. Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present acute or spinose, never bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually somewhat apiculate, occasionally retuse. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles usually abruptly enlarged or dilated, sometimes gradually enlarged to subulate. Acorns: maturation annual; cup with scales distinct or laterally connate, keeled or with bases thickened and corky (tuberculate); nut with inner wall glabrate or minutely tomentulose near base and apex, abortive ovules basal, seed coats adhering to fruit wall at maturity. Cotyledons distinct or connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
anther shape shape: retuse
bark color color: white
color: gray
color: brown
color: black
calyx lobe count low: 2, high: 6
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf lobe count min: 0
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf tooth shape shape: acute
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant scales shape shape: connate
shape: keeled
style shape shape: subulate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus acerifolia Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark dark gray to almost black, sometimes becoming rough and furrowed. Twigs grayish brown to reddish brown, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds gray to grayish brown, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 3.5-5.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 20-45 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade oblate to broadly elliptic, 70-140 × (60-)100-150(-180) mm, base cordate-truncate to obtuse, margins with 5-7(-9) lobes and 11-48 awns, lobes ovate-oblong or markedly distally expanded, the middle or apical pairs often overlapping, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with prominent axillary tufts of tomentum, occasionally with scattered pubescence, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to cup-shaped, 4-7 mm high × 10-20 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface light brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often with pale margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid to oblong, 10.5-20 × 9-15 mm, glabrous or pubescent, scar diam. 5-9 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: gray
location: terminal, color: gray-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cordate-truncate
shape: obtuse
leaf count low: 11, high: 48
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 7, max: 9
leaf lobe shape shape: ovate-oblong
leaf shape shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 70, length_high: 140, width_min: 60, width_low: 100, width_high: 150, width_max: 180, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 45, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant margin shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
length_low: 10.5, length_high: 20.0, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus agrifolia Trees , evergreen, to 25 m. Bark gray to dark brown or black, ridges broad, rounded. Twigs brown to red-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., with scattered pubescence or uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, occasionally subconic, 3-6(-7) mm, glabrous except for cilia along scale margins. Leaves: petiole 4-15(-18) mm, sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to ovate or oblong, 15-75 × 10-40 mm, base rounded or cordate, margins entire or spinose, with up to 24 awns, apex blunt to attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with small axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially distinctly convex, rugose, glabrous, occasionally densely uniformly pubescent. Acorns annual; cup turbinate to cup- or bowl-shaped, rarely saucer-shaped, 9-13 mm high × 9-15 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent on innermost 1/3 to uniformly pubescent, scales acute, tips loose; nut ovoid to oblong or conic, 15-35 × 10-15 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 3.5-8 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: brown
color: black
bark shape shape: orbicular
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_max: 7, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: attenuate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf margin count low: 24
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 75, width_low: 10, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
leaf vein shape shape: convex
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 15, length_max: 18, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 9, length_high: 13, length_units: mm, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 35, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus ajoensis Shrubs, rarely trees , evergreen, to 2-3 m. Bark gray, scaly or furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-2 mm diam., inconspicuously short stellate-pubescent or glabrate. Buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or globose, 1-1.5 mm, variously short stellate-pubescent, tomentose, or glabrate. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-4 m. Leaf blade ovate to narrowly ovate or oblong, (10-)15-35(-50) × (5-)10-20(-30) mm, rather leathery, base cordate, rarely rounded, margins crispate, sometimes flat, cartilaginous, with 4-6(-8) long-attenuate, spinose-awned teeth on each side, secondary veins 5-8 on each side, whitish, apex acute or obtuse with bristly distal teeth; surfaces abaxially blue-green, waxy-glaucous, microscopically papillose, glabrous, sometimes sparsely stellate-pubescent along midrib, adaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous or sparingly stellate-pubescent along midrib, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns solitary or paired on thin axillary peduncle (5-)30-50 mm; cup shallowly cup-shaped, thin, 3-4 mm deep × 6-8(-10) mm wide, enclosing only base of nut, scales brownish, moderately tuberculate, pubescent; nut oblong to narrowly ovoid, 12-15 × 5-8 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
shape: stellate
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin count low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
leaf margin shape shape: attenuate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 15, length_high: 35, length_max: 50, width_min: 5, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_max: 30, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf vein color color: white
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8
peduncle scales color color: brown
peduncle shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_min: 5, length_low: 30, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 15, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 2, length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: m
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus alba Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs green or reddish, becoming gray, 2-3(-4) mm diam., initially pubescent, soon glabrous. Buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, apex obtuse, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (4-)10-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (79-)120-180(-230) × (40-)70-110(-165) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes often narrow, rounded distally, sinuses extending 1/3-7/8 distance to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green, with numerous whitish or reddish erect hairs, these quickly shed as leaf expands, adaxially light gray-green, dull or glossy. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 25(-50) mm; cup hemispheric, enclosing 1/4 nut, scales closely appressed, finely grayish tomentose; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (12-)15-21(-25) × 9-18 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: obtuse
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf hair color color: gray-green
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 79, length_low: 120, length_high: 180, length_max: 230, width_min: 40, width_low: 70, width_high: 110, width_max: 165, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: white
color: red
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
petiole size length_min: 4, length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_max: 30, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 25, length_max: 50, length_units: mm
length_min: 12, length_low: 15, length_high: 21, length_max: 25, width_low: 9, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
twig color color: green
color: red
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_max: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus arizonica Trees , evergreen or subevergreen, small to moderate-sized trees, rarely to 18 m. Bark scaly. Twigs yellowish, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., persistently felty-tomentose, eventually dingy gray. Buds dull russet-brown, ovoid, distally subacute or rounded, 3 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 3-10 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong to narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, planar or moderately convex, to (30-)40-80(-90) × 15-30 mm, thick and leathery, usually stiff, base cordate or rounded and weakly cordate, margins entire or coarsely toothed especially near apex, cartilaginously revolute, teeth mucronate-tipped, obscure or prominent, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, branching, passing into teeth when present, apex acute to usually obtuse or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially dull, sparsely pubescent or subtomentose with curly branched hairs, reticulate from prominent, raised secondary veins, usually glaucous where exposed, adaxially dark or bluish green, moderately lustrous, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised or prominent within depressions or impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile, occasionally on peduncle to 15 mm; cup hemispheric or cup-shaped, 5-10(-15) mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/2 nut, base rounded, margin rather coarse, scales cream to brown, broadly ovate, evenly and strongly tuberculate, tomentose, tips closely appressed; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 8-12 mm, nearly glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: subacute
shape: orbicular
bud size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: revolute
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: convex
leaf size length_min: 30, length_low: 40, length_high: 80, length_max: 90, width_low: 15, width_high: 30, width_units: mm
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: tree
habit: branching
plant scales color color: white
color: brown
plant scales shape shape: ovate
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 18, length_units: m
length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_max: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
plant vein color color: glaucous
color: green
plant vein shape shape: stellate
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus arkansana Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark black with long rough ridges separated by deep furrows. Twigs 1.5-3 mm diam., gray-pubescent, rarely glabrate. Terminal buds red-brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate on margins, especially at apex. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, pubescent, rarely glabrate. Leaf blade rhombic to obovate or obtrullate, 50-150 × 35-100 mm, base acute to cordate, margins entire or with 2-3 shallow lobes and up to 10 awns, apex broadly obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially uniformly pubescent to glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins prominent, adaxially planar or somewhat rugose with a few persistent hairs near base. Acorns biennial; cup thin, shallow goblet- to almost saucer-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10-16 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 10-15 × 9-15 mm, puberulent, scar diam. 5-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: cordate
leaf hair duration duration: persistent
leaf lobe count low: 10
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: rhomboic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 150, width_low: 35, width_high: 100, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus austrina Trees , deciduous, to 20(-25) m. Bark pale gray, scaly, eventually divided into broad ridges. Twigs dark brown to somewhat reddish, 2-2.5 mm diam., often with prominent, corky, white lenticels. Buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, distally acute, 3-5 × 2-2.5 mm, puberulent. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm. Leaf blade green or grayish green, narrowly obovate or elliptic, (40-)70-100(-200) × (13-)30-50(-115) mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margins sinuately and irregularly shallowly lobed, lobes rounded, sometimes obtuse, secondary veins 4-6(-8) on each side, apex narrowly or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially loosely covered with semi-erect stellate hairs to 0.5 mm diam., glabrous at maturity, often with a few hairs remaining along veins near midrib, adaxially glabrous, glossy. Acorns subsessile or on stout axillary peduncle to 15 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet- or cup-shaped, 9-10 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, enclosing 1/3-1/2 nut, scales loosely appressed, gray, narrowly ovate, sometimes thickened near base, not tuberculate, canescent; nut ovoid or elliptic, 17 × 12 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: acute
bud size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf color color: green
color: gray-green
leaf hair habit habit: semi-erect
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf hair size diameter_high: 0.5, diameter_units: mm
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_min: 40, length_low: 70, length_high: 100, length_max: 200, width_min: 13, width_low: 30, width_high: 50, width_max: 115, width_units: mm
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle scales shape shape: ovate
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
peduncle size length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 17, width_low: 12, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_low: 20, length_max: 25, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
color: red
twig lenticel color color: white
twig size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus berberidifolia Shrubs , subevergreen, 1-2(-4) m. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray, yellowish, rarely reddish, 1-3 mm diam. Buds reddish brown, globose or ovoid, 2-3 mm, minutely puberulent. Leaves: petiole 2-4 mm. Leaf blade bicolored, obovate, elliptic, occasionally subrotund, planar or moderately convex, (10-)15-30 × (8-)10-20 mm, base truncate or rounded-attenuate, rarely cuneate, margins irregularly toothed and spinose, often sublobate, rarely entire, secondary veins (3-)4-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially waxy, light green or glaucous, with scattered minute, appressed, (4-)8(-10)-rayed hairs less than 0.2 mm diam. and sparse to dense yellowish, glandular hairs, adaxially glossy or dull green, glabrous or glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or turbinate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped, rim thick, 8-15 mm deep × 15-20(-22) mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales reddish or yellowish, usually strongly, irregularly tuberculate, puberulent or canescent; nut light to dark brown, ovoid, ellipsoid, or barrel-shaped, (10-)15-30 × (8-)10-20 mm, apex rounded, glabrous at maturity. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: entire
leaf ray count min: 4, low: 8, max: 10
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: convex
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_min: 8, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: glaucous
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 4, high: 7
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: red
color: yellow
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 4, length_units: m
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_min: 10, length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_min: 8, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
color: yellow
color: red
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus bicolor Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray, scaly or flat-ridged. Twigs light brown or tan, 2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous. Buds light or dark brown, globose to ovoid, 2-3 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (4-)10-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (79-)120-180(-215) × (40-)70-110(-160) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins regularly toothed, or entire with teeth in distal 1/2 only, or moderately to deeply lobed, or sometimes lobed proximally and toothed distally, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or whitish, with minute, flat, appressed-stellate hairs and erect, 1-4-rayed hairs, velvety to touch, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous. Acorns 1-3(-5) mm, on thin axillary peduncle (20-)40-70 mm; cup hemispheric or turbinate, 10-15 mm deep × 15-25 mm wide, enclosing 1/2-3/4 nut, scales closely appressed, finely grayish tomentose, those near rim of cup often with short, stout, irregularly recurved and sometimes branched, spinose awns emerging from tubercle; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (12-)15-21(-25) × 9-18 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf hair color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: entire
leaf ray count low: 1, high: 4
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 79, length_low: 120, length_high: 180, length_max: 215, width_min: 40, width_low: 70, width_high: 110, width_max: 160, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: white
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
peduncle size length_min: 20, length_low: 40, length_high: 70, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_min: 12, length_low: 15, length_high: 21, length_max: 25, width_low: 9, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 4, length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_max: 30, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: tan
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_max: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus boyntonii Shrubs, rarely small trees , deciduous or subevergreen, shrubs low, under 2 m, often trailing, rhizomatous, trees to 6 m. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs light brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., densely tomentulose. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-3(-4) mm, apex acute or rounded, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (4-)5-10(-15) mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, (39-)50-100(-125) × 20-60(-91) mm, base cuneate, margins minutely revolute, broadly 3-lobed distally or with 3-5 rounded, irregular lobes in distal 1/2, secondary veins curved, 6-8 on each side, apex broadly ovate or triangular-lobed; surfaces abaxially grayish or silvery, densely tomentulose-glandular with minute, appressed-stellate hairs, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, simple hairs. Acorns 1-2, on peduncle 2-10(-35) mm; cup deeply or shallowly cup-shaped, 5-10 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, including 1/3-1/2 nut, scales closely appressed, gray, tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid, 10-17 × 7-13 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_max: 4, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf lobe count low: 3
leaf margin count low: 3, high: 5
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
shape: orbicular
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_min: 39, length_low: 50, length_high: 100, length_max: 125, width_low: 20, width_high: 60, width_max: 91, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: silver
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
leaf vein shape shape: curved
petiole size length_min: 4, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_max: 15, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 2, length_units: m
length_high: 6, length_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 10, length_max: 35, length_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 17, width_low: 7, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus buckleyi Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark gray and smooth or black and furrowed. Twigs grayish brown to red-brown, rarely somewhat yellowish or gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds grayish brown to reddish brown, ovoid to subfusiform, (2.5-)3-7 mm, scales on apical 1/2 distinctly ciliate. Leaves: petiole 20-45 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade circular or broadly elliptic to obovate, 55-100 × 51-112 mm, base cuneate to truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 7-9 lobes and 12-35 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green or coppery green, glabrous or with small, axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially shiny or glossy, glabrous, veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup goblet- to cup-shaped, rarely saucer-shaped, 5-11.5 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface glabrous except for a few hairs around scar, scales acute, less than 4 mm, occasionally tuberculate, especially at base of cup, tips appressed; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, rarely oblong, 12-18.5 × 8-14 mm, occasionally with faint rings of pits at apex, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 3.5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: gray-brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_min: 2.5, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 12, high: 35
leaf lobe count low: 7, high: 9
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 55, length_high: 100, width_low: 51, width_high: 112, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: green
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 45, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant scales size length_low: 4, length_units: mm
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 11.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 12.0, length_high: 18.5, width_low: 8, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
twig color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
color: yellow
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus carmenensis Shrubs or trees , deciduous, shrubs 0.5-2 m, rhizomatous, trees (on better sites) to l2 m, trunk 0.75 m diam. Bark light gray, checkered or furrowed. Twigs often strikingly red, 1-1.5 mm diam., sparingly (rarely densely) stellate-pubescent, somewhat glabrescent and gray 2d year. Buds light brown, nearly round, 1-1.5 mm, indumentum similar to twigs. Leaves: petiole usually strikingly red, (2-)5-l0 mm, ca. 1 mm diam. Leaf blade obovate or narrowly obovate, (20-)30-50 × l0-30 mm, thin to moderately leathery, base cuneate to rounded, margins shallowly and irregularly lobed or coarsely toothed in distal 1/2, rarely subentire, teeth mucronate, secondary veins 9-l2 on each side, branching or passing directly to teeth, apex acute, sometimes broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green or yellow-green, prominently pubescent with minute, erect velvety hairs, adaxially surfaces dark green, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or short-pedunculate (immature); cup (mature) unknown; scales (immature) light brown, tip acute, canescent. Nut unknown. Cotyledons unknown.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: orbicular
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 30, length_units: mm
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 9
petiole color color: red
petiole count min: 2, low: 5
petiole size diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: branching
plant scales color color: brown
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: m
plant surface color color: green
color: yellow-green
color: green
plant surface shape shape: stellate
trunk size diameter_low: 0.75, diameter_units: m
twig color color: red
color: gray
twig count low: 2
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus chapmanii Shrubs , deciduous or subevergreen, 0.5-3(-6) m, often rhizomatous. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs yellowish, 1-2 mm diam., densely fine-tomentulose. Buds reddish brown, globose, 1-2(-3) mm, proximal scales densely tomentulose, distal scales glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1-3(-5) mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, 30-70(-85) × 14-30(-45) mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margins minutely revolute, entire or sinuately lobed, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed distally or with 3-5 rounded, irregular lobes in distal 1/2, secondary veins curved, 8-9 on each side, apex ovate or triangular-lobed, often retuse; surfaces abaxially grayish or yellowish, with yellowish, erect branched hairs, these soon shed, leaving matted glandular and waxy hairs except on ± glabrate yellowish veins, adaxially bright glossy, very reflective, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-2, on peduncle 1-6(-35) mm; cup hemispheric, 5-11 m deep × 10-15 mm wide, including 1/3-1/2 nut, scales closely appressed, gray, tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to barrel-shaped, 15-20 × 9-13 mm, apex rounded, glabrous or puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
shape: retuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf lobe count low: 3
leaf margin count low: 3, high: 5
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
shape: orbicular
shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 30, length_high: 70, length_max: 85, width_low: 14, width_high: 30, width_max: 45, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: yellow
color: yellow
leaf vein color color: yellow
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 9
leaf vein shape shape: curved
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 6.0, length_units: m
length_low: 1, length_high: 6, length_max: 35, length_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 11, length_units: m
length_low: 15, length_high: 20, width_low: 9, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
twig color color: yellow
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus chihuahuensis Shrubs or trees , deciduous, to 10 m. Bark gray, furrowed, checkered, or scaly. Twigs gray, 2-3(-4) mm diam., densely tomentose. Buds reddish brown, broadly ovoid, distally rounded, 2-2.5 mm, densely yellowish pubescent; scales gray-puberulent; stipules persistent, 1-4, subulate, pubescent, at base of terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 3-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong to ovate or obovate, (25-)40-50(-85) × (18-)20-30(-50) mm, base rounded or shallowly cordate, margins entire or toothed to sublobate, secondary veins 8 to 10 on each side, somewhat branching, apex broadly rounded to acute; surfaces abaxially yellowish or grayish, densely stellate with velvety hairs, adaxially green, sparsely soft-pubescent with prominent, spreading, stellate hairs, felty to touch, secondary veins somewhat prominent on both surfaces, even under dense tomentum. Acorns 1-3 on tomentose peduncle 15-35(-60) mm; cup hemispheric, 7-10 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut, scales proximally thickened, distally appressed, densely gray-puberulent, tips reddish, ultimately glabrate; nut ovoid, 14-18 × 10-12 mm, puberulent, eventually glabrate. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
color: yellow
bud scales color color: gray
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: orbicular
bud size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 25, length_low: 40, length_high: 50, length_max: 85, width_min: 18, width_low: 20, width_high: 30, width_max: 50, width_units: mm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10
peduncle scales color color: gray
color: tips-red
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_low: 15, length_high: 35, length_max: 60, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 14, length_high: 18, width_low: 10, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_max: 8, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: branching
plant hair color color: green
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
plant surface color color: yellow
color: gray
plant surface shape shape: stellate
stipule count low: 1, high: 4
stipule duration duration: persistent
stipule shape shape: subulate
twig color color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_max: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus chrysolepis Trees or shrubs , trees small to medium-sized, to 25 m, shrubs of variable size. Twigs branching at 60° angles or less, golden brown, 1-2 mm diam., flexible, densely pubescent 1st year, moderately so 2d year. Terminal buds conic, 2-8 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 3-14 mm, rusty-pubescent, adaxially flattened. Leaf blade oblong, acuminate, usually flat to slightly concave, 20-70 × 10-35 mm, thick, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, secondary veins 12 or more pairs, branching at ca. 50° angles, slightly raised abaxially, margins often slightly revolute with moderately thickened cell walls, entire to spinulose-dentate (especially on juvenile growth), regularly toothed, teeth terminating with mucronate to spinescent tip, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate to spinescent; surfaces abaxially glabrate to pubescent with bluish white wax layer, often obscured by golden glandular and multiradiate hairs, adaxially yellowish green, scurfy with multiradiate hairs, later in season slightly pubescent. Acorns solitary or paired, rarely in 3s or 4s; cup saucer-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 15-40 mm wide, rims often corky and thickened, scales appressed, deeply embedded in tomentum, often appearing swollen and keeled, tuberculate; nut ovoid, 15-30 × 10-20 mm, apex blunt, glabrous; nut scar 4-10 mm diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud margin margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud scales color location: terminal, color: brown
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf hair color color: yellow-green
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 70, width_low: 10, width_high: 35, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: golden
leaf vein count low: 12
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 14, length_units: mm
plant color color: golden-brown
plant count low: 60
low: 1
low: 2
low: 3
low: 4
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: branching
habit: branching
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: toothed
plant margin shape shape: revolute
plant scales shape shape: keeled
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 50
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus coccinea Trees , deciduous, to 30 m; lower trunk without stubs of dead branches. Bark dark gray to dark brown, irregularly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orangish pink. Twigs reddish brown, (1-)2-3.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, conic to ovoid, 4-7 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent distal to middle. Leaves: petiole 25-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate or obovate, 70-160 × 80-130 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-9 deep lobes and 18-50 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate to hemispheric, 7-13 mm high × 16.5-31.5 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface light to dark reddish brown, glossy, glabrous to puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, occasionally with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often tuberculate, base broad, glossy, margins strongly concave with tips tightly appressed, acute to attenuate; nut oblong to subglobose, 12-22 × 10-21 mm, glabrous, with 1 or more rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 6.5-13.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: brown
color: orange-pink
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
location: terminal, color: silver
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf lobe count low: 18, high: 50
leaf margin count low: 5, high: 9
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 70, length_high: 160, width_low: 80, width_high: 130, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
petiole size length_low: 25, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: hemispheric
shape: oblong
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 13, length_units: mm, width_low: 16.5, width_high: 31.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 22, width_low: 10, width_high: 21, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 13.5, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: red-brown
color: brown
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus cornelius-mulleri Shrubs , evergreen or subevergreen, densely branched, 1-2(-3) m. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray, yellowish, or brownish, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely tomentulose, rarely glabrate. Buds dull brown, ovoid, 2.5-3 mm, glabrous except for margins of scales. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade strongly bicolored, ovate to oblong or narrowly obovate, 15-35 ×10-20 mm, rather thick and leathery, base cuneate or attenuate-rounded, margins entire or irregularly, shallowly toothed, teeth mucronate, rarely spinose, secondary veins 6-7 on each side, apex rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish, densely covered with minute, compact, appressed, (8-)10-14(-16)-rayed stellate hairs less than 0.2 mm diam. (lateral fusion of rays visible under high magnification), without glandular seriate hairs, adaxially dull, light green, grayish, or yellowish green, with scattered, appressed-stellate hairs to 0.2 mm diam. Acorns solitary or clustered, subsessile; cup deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, to 5-13 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, scales whitish or cream, strongly tuberculate especially near base of cup; nut dark brown, fusiform or cylyndric, 20-30 × 10-30 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate-orbicular
leaf count low: 15, high: 35
leaf hair color color: green
color: gray
color: yellow-green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf hair size diameter_high: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
leaf location location: lateral
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf ray count min: 8, low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 20, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 7
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: white
color: white
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
shape: fusiform
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 3, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 13, length_units: mm
length_low: 20, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 30, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
color: yellow
color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus depressipes Shrubs , evergreen or subevergreen, low, to 1 m, often forming dense thickets, rhizomatous. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs tan-brown, becoming reddish gray, 1-1.5 mm diam., glabrate or hairy. Buds tan or brown, subglobose, 1-1.5 mm, glabrate or scales inconspicuously ciliate. Leaves: petiole 1-2 mm, rarely longer. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 10-25(-60) × 8-25 mm, thick, leathery, base moderately to deeply cordate, petiole strongly depressed in basal sinus, margins inconspicuously toothed in distal 1/2, rarely entire, sometimes sublobate, somewhat revolute, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side with few intermediates, branching, apex broadly rounded to subacute; surfaces abaxially dull gray-green or glaucous, completely glabrous or with a few stellate hairs on midrib, adaxially similar to abaxial surface, secondary veins somewhat raised on both surfaces. Acorns paired on peduncle 7-15 mm; cup 4-7 mm deep × 8-13 mm wide, goblet-shaped, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base somewhat constricted or rounded, scales moderately tuberculate, proximally densely gray-tomentose, tips rather closely appressed, reddish brown, abaxially glabrous, ciliate; nut tan-brown, elliptic to ovoid or globose, to 10-l5 × 10-11 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: tan
color: brown
bud scales margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape shape: subglobose
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf base shape shape: cordate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_max: 60, width_low: 8, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
petiole apex shape shape: orbicular
petiole habit habit: branching
petiole hair shape shape: stellate
petiole margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: entire
petiole margin shape shape: revolute
petiole shape shape: subacute
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
petiole surface color color: gray-green
color: glaucous
petiole vein count low: 5, high: 6
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: tan-brown
plant count low: 10
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: gray
color: red-brown
plant scales margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
plant shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
plant size length_high: 1, length_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
twig color color: tan-brown
color: red-gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus douglasii Trees , deciduous, with single trunks, sometimes with few to several trunks. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs reddish or yellowish, ca. 2 mm, densely or sparsely puberulent, occasionally glabrate with age. Buds reddish brown, rarely yellowish, broadly ovoid to rarely subglobose, (2-)3-5 mm; scales glabrous except for ciliate margins, sometimes sparsely or densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole blue-green, 2-6 mm. Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate, (20-)40-60(-80) × (15-)20-30(-40) mm, base rounded-attenuate or rounded, rarely cuneate, margins shallowly lobed or irregularly toothed, sometimes entire, lobes mucronate or rounded, secondary veins 6-10 on each side, apex rounded, rarely moderately acute; surfaces abaxially light green or blue-green, waxy, with scattered to crowded, semi-erect, (2-)4-6(-8)-rayed stellate hairs usually 0.2-0.6 mm diam. or larger, adaxially blue-green, glaucous or grayish, vestiture similar to abaxial surface. Acorns subsessile, solitary; cup hemispheric or cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 5-10 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing only base of nut, scales thin and not tuberculate to strongly and irregularly tuberculate, particularly toward base of cup; nut thin-walled, fusiform or subcylindric, 20-30 × 10-16 mm. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
color: yellow
bud scales margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
bud size length_min: 2, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf lobe shape shape: mucronate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_min: 20, length_low: 40, length_high: 60, length_max: 80, width_min: 15, width_low: 20, width_high: 30, width_max: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: blue-green
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole color color: blue-green
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
plant color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: gray
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: semi-erect
plant hair size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_high: 0.6, diameter_units: mm
plant ray count min: 2, low: 4, high: 6, max: 8
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
shape: fusiform
shape: cylindrical
plant size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 20, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: stellate
twig color color: red
color: yellow
twig size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus dumosa Shrubs , subevergreen, 1-2(-2.5) m, dense, divaricately branching, leaves brittle, often falling when branches disturbed. Bark smooth when young, eventually scaly. Twigs reddish or grayish, 1-1.5(-2) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, globose or ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous, rarely puberulent near apex. Leaves: petiole 1-2(-3) mm. Leaf blade undulate or strongly to moderately cupped, occasionally subplanar, 10-20(-25) × 6-15(-20) mm, base cordate or angular-cordate, margins irregularly spinose-toothed or shallowly lobed, rarely entire, often somewhat revolute, secondary veins 3-5(-6) on each side, irregularly branched, apex rounded or spinose-acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely covered with erect, curly, (2-)4(-6)-rayed fasciculate hairs to 0.5 mm, felty to touch in young leaves, adaxially glossy green, glabrate or with scattered stellate hairs, secondary veins somewhat impressed, puberulent. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup reddish, deeply cup-shaped, 5-8 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or less, scales long-acute, moderately or scarcely tuberculate at base; nut fusiform or subcylindric, 10-20(-30) × 5-10(-12) mm, apex acute. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: angular-cordate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf hair size length_high: 0.5, length_units: mm
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape margin_shape: undulate
shape: revolute
leaf ray count min: 2, low: 4, max: 6
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, width_low: 6, width_high: 15, width_max: 20, width_units: mm
leaf vein count low: 3, high: 5, max: 6
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 3, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant color color: red
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: branching
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: fusiform
shape: cylindrical
plant size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 2.5, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_max: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_max: 12, width_units: mm
twig color color: red
color: gray
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_max: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus durata Shrubs , evergreen, 1-2(-3) m. Bark scaly. Twigs gray or yellowish, 1-3 mm diam., densely or sparsely tomentulose, often with prominent, yellowish, spreading hairs. Buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or globose, 1-2 mm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-5 mm. Leaf blade cupped or convex, rarely somewhat planar, (10-)15-40 × 7-15(-20) mm, base cuneate, rounded-attenuate, or truncate, margins entire or irregularly toothed, sometimes spinose, usually unevenly revolute, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, apex rounded or subacute; surfaces abaxially densely to sparsely covered with erect, stipitate, (1-)2-4(-6)-rayed hairs 1-4 mm, felty to touch, secondary veins prominent, adaxially grayish or yellowish, with dense or scattered, semi-erect or appressed hairs, secondary veins obscure or somewhat impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup reddish, hemispheric, deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, 4-6 mm deep × 12-18 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut or more, scales reddish or yellowish, weakly to strongly tuberculate, often somewhat glandular; nut globose, ovoid or cylindric, 15-25 × 10-25 mm, apex rounded or obtuse, persistently minute-puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: truncate
leaf hair size length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf ray count min: 1, low: 2, high: 4, max: 6
leaf shape shape: convex
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 15, length_high: 40, width_low: 7, width_high: 15, width_max: 20, width_units: mm
leaf vein color color: gray
color: yellow
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 6
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
plant color color: red
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: semi-erect
plant scales color color: red
color: yellow
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 3, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 10, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
color: yellow
color: yellow
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus durata var. durata
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus durata var. gabrielensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus ellipsoidalis Trees , deciduous, to 20 m; lower trunk often with stubs of dead branches. Bark dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Twigs dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, often conspicuously 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent toward apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic, 70-130 × 50-100 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-7 deep lobes and 15-55 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup narrowly turbinate to deeply cup-shaped, 6-11 mm high × 10-19 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface reddish brown, puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, rarely with ring of pubescence around scar, scales with straight or slightly concave margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ellipsoid to ovoid, rarely subglobose, 10-20 × 9-15 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or more faint rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 4-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray-brown
color: orange
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
location: terminal, color: silver
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf lobe count low: 15, high: 55
leaf margin count low: 5, high: 7
leaf shape shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 70, length_high: 130, width_low: 50, width_high: 100, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 11, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 19, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: red-brown
color: brown
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus emoryi Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 15 m. Bark dark brown to black, deeply fissured. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds reddish brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-6.5 mm, glabrous except for tuft of hairs at apex, occasionally hairy on distal 1/2. Leaves: petiole 3-7(-10) mm, pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to narrowly oblong to obovate, planar, 28-95 × 15-45 mm, base cordate, margins entire or spinose, with up to 13 awns, apex blunt to acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for tuft of tomentum on each side of midrib at base of blade, rarely completely glabrous, adaxially not rugous, glabrous or with a few hairs along midrib. Acorns annual; cup cup-shaped, 5-7.5 mm high × 7-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface pubescent to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent to floccose, scale tips appressed, blunt; nut ellipsoid to oblong, 10-18 × 6-10 mm, glabrous to puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 3-5.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cordate
leaf margin count low: 13
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 28, length_high: 95, width_low: 15, width_high: 45, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_max: 10, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 5.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 7, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 6, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus engelmannii Trees , subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray or whitish, closely furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, subspheric to broadly ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous or basal scales pubescent; stipules persistent about terminal buds. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-4(-6) mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, occasionally lanceolate or ovate, (20-)30-60(-80) × (5-)10-20(-25) mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire, undulate, sometimes irregularly toothed, especially toward apex, secondary veins 7-8(-10) on each side, branched, apex acute or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially blue-green or pale green, densely and loosely glandular-tomentose, quickly glabrate or persistently floccose, especially about base of midrib, at maturity strongly glaucous, adaxially gray-green or pale green, bluish green or glaucous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 5-6 mm; cup cup-shaped or shallowly cup-shaped, 8-l0 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut, scales 1.5-3 mm wide, strongly and regularly tuberculate near base of cup, gray-pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 15-25 × 12-14 mm, glabrate or puberulent about apex. Cotyledons connate. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: white
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf base color color: glaucous
color: gray-green
color: green
color: green
color: glaucous
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 20, length_low: 30, length_high: 60, length_max: 80, width_min: 5, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_max: 25, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: blue-green
color: green
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 8, max: 10
petiole size length_min: 2, length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
plant base color color: gray
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 8
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales size width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: mm
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 12, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
stipule duration duration: persistent
twig color color: brown
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus falcata Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark brown to black, narrowly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orange. Twigs reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light reddish brown, ovoid, 4-8 mm, puberulent throughout. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 100-300 × 60-160 mm, base rounded or U-shaped, margins with 3-7 deep lobes and 6-20 awns, terminal lobe often long-acuminate, much longer than lateral lobes, apex acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely to uniformly tawny-pubescent, adaxially glossy and glabrous or puberulent along midrib, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-7 mm high × 9-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut subglobose, 9-16 × 8-15 mm, often striate, puberulent, scar diam. 5-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
color: orange
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf lobe count low: 6, high: 20
leaf lobe shape shape: acuminate
leaf margin count low: 3, high: 7
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 100, length_high: 300, width_low: 60, width_high: 160, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 9, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 16, width_low: 8, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus fusiformis Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs often forming large clonal stands. Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, tomentulum often persistent in age. Buds reddish or dark brown, subglobose or ovate, 1.5-3 mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 2-8(-12) mm. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate, ± planar, (10-)35-90(-150) × (15-)20-40(-85) mm, base rounded to truncate or cordate, rarely cuneate, margins minutely revolute or flat, entire or irregularly 1-3 toothed on each side, teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 8-10 on each side, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup funnel-shaped, hemispheric, or deeply goblet-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 6-12(-15) mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, often with light brown longitudinal stripes, subfusiform and acute to narrowly barrel-shaped, rarely distally rounded, (17-)20-30(-33) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color color: red
color: brown
bud shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovate
bud size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 35, length_high: 90, length_max: 150, width_min: 15, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_max: 85, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: glaucous
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_max: 12, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
color: brown-longitudinal-stripes
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant scales color color: white
color: gray
color: tips-red
plant scales shape shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: acute
shape: orbicular
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_min: 17, length_low: 20, length_high: 30, length_max: 33, width_low: 8, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
twig duration duration: persistent
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus gambelii Shrubs or trees , deciduous, shrubs sometimes clumped and spreading, trees small or moderately large. Bark gray or brown, scaly. Twigs brown or reddish brown with few, inconspicuous lenticels, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or stellate-pubescent. Buds brown, ovoid, ca. 3 mm, apex acute or obtuse, sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrate. Leaves: petiole l0-20 mm. Leaf blade elliptic to obovate or oblong, deeply to shallowly 4-6-lobed, (40-)80-120(-160) × (25-)40-60(-100) mm, membranous, base truncate to cuneate, margins entire or coarsely toothed, lobes oblong, rounded or subacute, sinuses acute or narrowly rounded at base, reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, each passing into lobe, branched, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially dull green, sometimes glaucous, densely velvety with erect 4-6-rayed hairs, sometimes glabrate or persistently villous only near midribs, secondary veins prominent, adaxially lustrous dark green, appearing glabrate, microscopically pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 10(-30) mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, 5-8(-17) mm deep × 7-l5(-25) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base round, margin thin, scales closely appressed, ovate, markedly tuberculate, proximally gray-tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, (8-)12-15(-33) × 7-12(-18) mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf lobe count low: 4, high: 6
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf ray count low: 4, high: 6
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
leaf sinus shape shape: acute
leaf size length_min: 40, length_low: 80, length_high: 120, length_max: 160, width_min: 25, width_low: 40, width_high: 60, width_max: 100, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: glaucous
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 6
petiole size length_low: 20, length_units: mm
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 25
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant scales shape shape: ovate
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_low: 10, length_max: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_max: 17, length_units: mm
length_min: 8, length_low: 12, length_high: 15, length_max: 33, width_low: 7, width_high: 12, width_max: 18, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig lenticel size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
twig shape shape: stellate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus garryana Trees or shrubs , deciduous, trees to 15(-20) m, with solitary trunks, shrubs to 0.1-3 m, multitrunked. Bark light gray or almost white, scaly. Twigs brown, red, or yellowish, 2-4 mm diam., densely puberulent with spreading hairs or glabrate. Buds brown or yellowish, ovoid or fusiform and apex acute, 2-12 mm, glandular-puberulent or densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 4-10 mm. Leaf blade obovate, elliptic or subrotund, moderately to deeply lobed, 25-120(-140) × 15-85 mm, base rounded-attenuate or cuneate, rarely subcordate, often unequal, margins with sinuses usually reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, lobes oblong or spatulate, obtuse, rounded or blunt, larger lobes usually with 2-3 sublobes or teeth, veins often ending in retuse teeth, secondary veins yellowish, 4-7 on each side, the more distal veins often branching within distal lobes, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green or waxy yellowish, often felty to touch, densely to sparsely covered with semi-erect or erect, simple and (2-)4-8-rayed, fasciculate hairs 0.1-1 mm, secondary veins raised, adaxially bright or dark green, glossy or somewhat scurfy because of sparse stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile, rarely on peduncle to 10(-20) mm; cup saucer-shaped, cup-shaped, or hemispheric, 4-10 mm deep × 12-22 mm wide; scales yellowish or reddish brown, often long-acute near rim of cup, moderately or scarcely tuberculate, canescent or tomentulose; nut light brown, oblong to globose, (12-)25-30(-40) × (10-)14-20(-22) mm, apex blunt or rounded, glabrous or often persistently puberulent. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: white
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud apex size length_low: 2, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
bud color color: brown
color: yellow
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: fusiform
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
leaf habit habit: semi-erect
leaf hair size length_low: 0.1, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
leaf lobe count low: 2, high: 3
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf ray count min: 2, low: 4, high: 8
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 25, length_high: 120, length_max: 140, width_low: 15, width_high: 85, width_units: mm
leaf vein color color: yellow
color: green
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 7
leaf vein shape shape: retuse
shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: branching
plant scales color color: yellow
color: red-brown
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
shape: oblong
shape: spheric
plant size length_low: 15, length_max: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 0.1, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
length_low: 10, length_max: 20, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_min: 12, length_low: 25, length_high: 30, length_max: 40, width_min: 10, width_low: 14, width_high: 20, width_max: 22, width_units: mm
plant surface color color: green
color: yellow
twig color color: brown
color: red
color: yellow
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus garryana var. breweri Shrubs , spreading and clonal, to 2-3 m, multitrunked. Twigs reddish, sparsely puberulent, often glabrate, without spreading hairs. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, glandular-puberulent. Leaf blade abaxially light green, velvety to touch, sparsely to densely covered with erect (2-)4-6-rayed hairs 0.2-0.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf color color: green
leaf hair size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 0.5, length_units: mm
leaf ray count min: 2, low: 4, high: 6
plant habit habit: shrub
plant size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: m
twig color color: red
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus garryana var. garryana Trees , to 20 m, trunks usually solitary. Twigs yellowish or brown, persistently puberulent, with spreading hairs. Buds yellowish or cream, usually fusiform, 6-12 mm, apex acute, densely pubescent. Leaf blade abaxially light green, velvety to touch, sparsely to densely covered with erect simple and (2-)4-5(-6)-rayed hairs 0.3-1 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: yellow
color: white
bud shape shape: fusiform
bud size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
leaf color color: green
leaf hair size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
leaf ray count min: 2, low: 4, high: 5, max: 6
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
twig color color: yellow
color: brown
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus garryana var. semota Shrubs or small multitrunked trees , spreading and clonal, to 1-5 m. Twigs reddish brown or tan, sparsely puberulent, without spreading hairs. Buds brown or light or brown, ovoid, 2-5 mm, sparsely glandular-puberulent. Leaf blade abaxially light or yellowish green, waxy, not conspicuously velvety, but sometimes tightly felty, sparsely to densely covered with semi-erect 6-8-rayed hairs 0.1-0.3 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: brown
color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf color color: yellow-green
leaf hair habit habit: semi-erect
leaf hair size length_low: 0.1, length_high: 0.3, length_units: mm
leaf ray count low: 6, high: 8
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 5, length_units: m
twig color color: red-brown
color: tan
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus geminata Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous (if spreading rhizomatously, without numerous straight, short, erect stems emerging from gound, or if so, mixed with other larger branches, infertile, and without dimorphic or asymmetric leaf form). Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs yellowish, becoming light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, glabrate in 2d year. Buds reddish or dark brown, globose or ovoid, 1-2.5(-3) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 3-10(-20) mm. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, rarely orbiculate, convex-cupped, (10-)35-60(-120) × (7-)10-30(-45) mm, base narrowly cuneate, rarely truncate or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire, secondary veins 8-10(-12) on each side, apex acute, sometimes obtuse; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs (visible under magnification), and with additional scattered, erect, felty or spreading hairs (sometimes deciduous), or light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs, secondary veins moderately to deeply impressed. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 10-100 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, sometimes saucer-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 5-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, ovoid, barrel-shaped, or acute, (13-)15-20(-25) × (8-)9-12(-15) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color color: red
color: brown
bud shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: green
leaf hair color color: green
leaf hair duration duration: deciduous
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: convex
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 35, length_high: 60, length_max: 120, width_min: 7, width_low: 10, width_high: 30, width_max: 45, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: glaucous
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_max: 20, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: dimorphic
plant scales color color: white
color: gray
color: tips-red
plant scales shape shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: acute
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 10, length_high: 100, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_min: 13, length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, width_min: 8, width_low: 9, width_high: 12, width_max: 15, width_units: mm
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
twig count low: 2
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus georgiana Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark gray to light brown, scaly. Twigs deep red, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds red-brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-5 mm, glabrous or scales somewhat ciliate. Leaves: petiole 6-23 mm, glabrous or with a few persistent hairs. Leaf blade broadly ovate to elliptic or obovate, 40-130 × 20-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-5(-7) oblong lobes and up to 10 awns, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin, saucer-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 9-14 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface glabrous or with a few hairs around scar, scale tips appressed, acute; nut globose or ovoid, 9-14 × 9-14 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 4-7.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf count low: 10
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 40, length_high: 130, width_low: 20, width_high: 90, width_units: mm
petiole hair duration duration: persistent
petiole size length_low: 6, length_high: 23, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair shape shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 9, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 14, width_low: 9, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.0, length_high: 7.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: red
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus graciliformis Trees , tardily deciduous, to 8 m. Bark gray, furrowed. Twigs straw colored to brown or deep reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrate or somewhat pubescent at apex. Terminal buds glossy brown or red-brown, ovoid, 1.5-3 mm, minutely ciliate. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, glabrous or glabrate. Leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, widest proximal to middle, 45-90 × 10-25 mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire or with 8-10 teeth or shallow lobes with rounded sinuses, awns 1-9, apex acute to long-attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or occasionally with small axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous except for scattered pubescence near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to shallowly bowl-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 7-10 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent to glabrate, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scales appressed, acute, occasionally tuberculate at base; nut ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 9-18 × 7-10 mm, minutely puberulent, scar diam. 3-4.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf count low: 1, high: 9
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf sinus shape shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 45, length_high: 90, width_low: 10, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
leaf tooth count low: 8, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 8, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 18, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus gravesii Trees , deciduous, to 13 m. Bark black, roughly furrowed. Twigs light brown to dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or glabrate. Terminal buds brown or reddish brown, ovoid or ellipsoid to subconic, 2-5 mm, glabrous or with tuft of hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, glabrate. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 45-140 × 20-120 mm, base rounded (rarely subcordate) to obtuse or cuneate, margins with 3-5 acute lobes, 9-20 awns, apex broadly obtuse or acute to attenuate, occasionally falcate; surfaces abaxially light green or coppery green, glabrous with small axillary tufts of tomentum or pubescent along midrib and veins, adaxially shiny or glossy, glabrous except for scattered pubescence near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate or deeply cup-shaped, 4.5-8.5 mm high × 7.5-12 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrate, inner surface glabrous to pubescent on inner 2/3, scale tips appressed, less than 4 mm, acute; nut ovoid to ellipsoid, rarely subglobose or oblong, 9-16 × 5.5-11 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous to puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 3-6 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: falcate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
leaf count low: 9, high: 20
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 5
leaf lobe shape shape: acute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 45, length_high: 140, width_low: 20, width_high: 120, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: green
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 13, length_units: m
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 8.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.5, width_high: 12.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 16, width_low: 5.5, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
plant surface size length_low: 4, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus grisea Large shrubs or moderate trees , deciduous or subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray, fissured. Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely or densely stellate-tomentulose or tomentose when young. Buds dark red-brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1-2 mm, stellate hairs causing yellowish color, at least on outer scales; stipules persistent, 1-4, subulate, pubescent, at base of terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic or ovate, (15-)25-35(-80) × (7-)15-30(-40) mm, thick and leathery, base cordate or rounded, margins minutely revolute, entire or dentate with mucronate teeth, secondary veins 6-10 on each side, branched, apex acute, sometimes obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially dull gray-green or yellowish, minutely stellate-pubescent with interlocking hairs, secondary veins very prominent, adaxially dull green, very sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 0-30 mm; cup from deeply goblet- to deeply cup-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales broadly ovate to oblong, proximal scales slightly or markedly tuberculate and whitish canescent, tips closely appressed, red-brown, thin, glabrate; nut light brown, ovoid to narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-18 × 8-12 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
bud hair color color: yellow
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: stellate
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: dentate
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 15, length_low: 25, length_high: 35, length_max: 80, width_min: 7, width_low: 15, width_high: 30, width_max: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray-green
color: yellow
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant scales color color: white
color: red-brown
plant scales shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 18, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
stipule count low: 1, high: 4
stipule duration duration: persistent
stipule shape shape: subulate
twig color color: gray
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus havardii Shrubs , deciduous, low, forming clones 0.3-1.5 × 10 m, rhizomatous. Bark light gray, scaly-papery. Twigs brown or grayish, 1-2.5 mm diam., glabrous or densely short grayish or yellowish tomentulose, glabrate in age. Buds dark red-brown, subglobose, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole to 7 mm. Leaf blade green, often turning brownish with age, polymorphic, oblong or elliptic or sometimes lanceolate to oblanceolate or ovate to obovate, (30-)50-100 × (10-)20-50 mm, rather thick and hard, base rounded to cuneate, margins flat to revolute, at least some undulate, 2-3 rounded teeth on each side, secondary veins 5-8 on each side, much branched, apex broadly rounded, rarely acute; surfaces abaxially densely grayish or yellowish tomentulose or stellate-pubescent, sometimes only sparsely pubescent, secondary veins quite prominent, adaxially lustrous, very sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrate, secondary veins very slightly if at all raised. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 10(-18) mm; cup from deeply cup-shaped to goblet-shaped, 10-12 mm deep × 15-25 mm wide, enclosing 1/3-1/2 nut, base rounded or slightly constricted, margin very thin and smooth, scales reddish brown, triangular-ovate to long-acute, proximally moderately to markedly tuberculate, pubescent, often canescent, tips loosely appressed; nut brown, ovoid, 12-25 × 14-18 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: subglobose
bud size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: green
color: brown
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_min: 30, length_low: 50, length_high: 100, width_min: 10, width_low: 20, width_high: 50, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: yellow
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_high: 7, length_units: mm
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: red-brown
plant scales shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: acute
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 0.3, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 10, width_units: m
length_low: 10, length_max: 18, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 25, width_low: 14, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: gray
color: gray
color: yellow
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus hemisphaerica Trees , evergreen or tardily deciduous, to 35 m. Bark much like that of Q . laurifolia . Twigs light brown to dark red-brown, 1-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds reddish to purplish brown, ovoid, 2.5-5 mm, glabrous or with ciliate scale margins. Leaves: petiole 1-5(-6) mm, glabrous. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or elliptic to oblanceolate, 30-120 × 10-40 mm, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, rarely attenuate, margins entire or with a few shallow lobes or teeth near apex, awns 1-4 (rarely as many as 8-10 on 2d-flush growth), apex acute or acuminate, occasionally obtuse; surfaces abaxially glabrous, rarely with minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to bowl-shaped, rarely turbinate, 3-10 mm high × 11-18 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent at least 1/2 distance to rim, scales occasionally distinctly tuberculate, tips appressed, acute to obtuse; nut broadly ovoid to hemispheric, 9-16 × 9-16 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 6-9.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color location: terminal, color: red
location: terminal, color: purple-brown
bud margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex count low: 1, high: 4
low: 8, high: 10
low: 2
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
shape: attenuate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 30, length_high: 120, width_low: 10, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 5, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid
shape: hemispheric
plant size length_high: 35, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 11, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 16, width_low: 9, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 9.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus hinckleyi Shrubs , evergreen, low, to 0.75(-1.5) m, spreading rhizomatously in thickets, intricately branched. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs light brown, pruinose, becoming waxy-glaucous in 2d season, 1-1.5 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Buds minute, subrotund, 0.5-1 mm; scales reddish brown, glabrous except for ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole to 2 mm. Leaf blade subrotund or rotund, to 15 × 15 mm, thick, leathery, base cordate or auriculate, margins strongly crisped with 2-3 coarse, spinescent teeth on each side, cartilaginous-thickened secondary veins obscure, apex acute or obtuse, spine-tipped; surfaces abaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous, microscopically markedly papillose, adaxially blue-green, glaucous, glabrous, secondary veins slightly raised on both surfaces. Acorns solitary, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 4 mm; cup shallow, saucer-shaped, 1-3 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing base of nut only, margin irregularly undulate, scales closely appressed, minute, basally tuberculate-thickened, glabrous except for thin ciliate margins; nut ovoid, 10-20 × 8-12 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud scales color color: red-brown
bud scales margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
bud size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: auriculate
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 3
leaf shape shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 15, width_low: 15, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: blue-green
color: glaucous
peduncle margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
peduncle scales margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
peduncle shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
petiole size length_high: 2, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant size length_low: 0.75, length_max: 1.5, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
color: glaucous
twig count low: 2
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus hypoleucoides Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 10 m. Bark black, deeply furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous except for ciliate scale margins, occasionally with tuft of hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1.5-13 mm, densely pubescent. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, 45-120 × 15-40 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or spinose with up to 11 awns, apex acute to attenuate; surfaces abaxially densely tawny- or white-tomentose, adaxially noticeably rugose, glabrous. Acorns annual or biennial; cup deeply saucer- or cup-shaped, 4.5-7 mm high × 6-13 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut or less, outer surface pubescent to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent to floccose, scales appressed, blunt; nut ellipsoid to oblong, 8-16 × 5-10 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 2.5-5.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
bud margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 11
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: attenuate
leaf size length_low: 45, length_high: 120, width_low: 15, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 13.0, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 6, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 16, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus ilicifolia Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 6 m. Bark dark gray, becoming shallowly fissured and scaly, inner bark pinkish. Twigs brown or yellowish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 2-4.5 mm, apex puberulent. Leaves: petiole (8-)10-25 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 50-120 × 30-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-7 acute lobes separated by shallow sinuses and 5-14 awns, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green to gray, tomentose, adaxially glossy dark green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10.5-17 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to subglobose, 9.5-16 × 8-11 mm, striate, puberulent, scar diam. 4.8-7 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: pink
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 7
leaf lobe shape shape: acute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf sinus count low: 5, high: 14
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 120, width_low: 30, width_high: 90, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: gray
color: green
petiole size length_min: 8, length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 6, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 10.5, width_high: 17.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 16.0, width_low: 8, width_high: 11, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.8, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus imbricaria Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark grayish brown, fissures and ridges shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs greenish brown to brown, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, ovoid, 3-6 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, scales minutely ciliate on margins. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, usually widest near middle, 80-200 × 15-75 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, occasionally rounded, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially uniformly pubescent, adaxially lustrous, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup deeply saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 5-9 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown to reddish brown and glabrous or with a few hairs around nut scar, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to subglobose, 9-18 × 10-18 mm, often striate, having 1 or more indistinct rings of minute pits at apex, glabrate, scar diam. 5-9 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray-brown
color: pink
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obtuse
leaf size length_low: 80, length_high: 200, width_low: 15, width_high: 75, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair shape shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 18, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig color color: green-brown
color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus incana Trees , deciduous, to 10 m. Bark dark brown to black with square plates. Twigs brown to reddish brown, 1-2.5 mm diam., tomentose to sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light brown to reddish brown, narrowly ovoid to conic, 3.5-7 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, scales pubescent, often tuft of reddish or silvery hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 2-8(-10) mm, tomentose. Leaf blade narrowly ovate or elliptic to obovate, usually widest near middle, planar, 30-100 × 12-35 mm, base acute (rarely attenuate) to rounded, margins entire, with 1 apical awn (leaves on juvenile or 2d-flush growth may have 2-3 shallow lobes and 3-5 awns), apex acute or obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially densely tomentose, hairs in vein axils often reddish, easily distinguished from others, adaxially often glossy, sparsely pubescent, especially along midrib and near base, veins often raised. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to bowl-shaped, 4.5-8 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface pubescent or puberulent, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid (rarely subglobose) to broadly ellipsoid, 10-17 × 10-16 mm, occasionally striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5.5-10.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud hair color location: terminal, color: silver
bud scales color location: terminal, color: red
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3.5, length_high: 7.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf axil color color: red
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 2
low: 2, high: 3
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 5
leaf margin count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 30, length_high: 100, width_low: 12, width_high: 35, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_max: 10, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 17, width_low: 10, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 10.5, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus inopina Shrubs , evergreen, to 5 m. Bark gray. Twigs light to dark purplish brown, (1.5-)2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrate to sparsely pubescent, especially at apex. Terminal buds dark purplish brown, ovoid to subconic, 2-6 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, glabrous to tawny strigose on apical 1/3. Leaves: petiole 1.5-8.5 mm, glabrous, occasionally sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to obovate, occasionally spatulate, (25-)45-85 × (15-)25-45 mm, base acute to rounded or cordate, margins entire, strongly revolute, with 1 apical awn, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially yellow-scurfy, occasionally somewhat pubescent, rarely glabrous, adaxially distinctly convex, rugose, glabrous or with scattered hairs, especially along midrib and at base. Acorns biennial; cup cup-shaped to bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm high × 10-15 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface half to fully pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 10-14 × 9-13 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color location: terminal, color: purple-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: spatulate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_min: 25, length_low: 45, length_high: 85, width_min: 15, width_low: 25, width_high: 45, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: yellow
leaf surface shape shape: convex
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 8.5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 5, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 14, width_low: 9, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: purple-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus intricata Shrubs , evergreen, clonal, intricately branched. Bark gray, scaly. Twigs gray- or yellow-tomentose, darkened, 1-1.5 mm diam., persistently pubescent for several seasons. Buds dark reddish brown, 1-1.5 mm, apex round, sparsely pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm. Leaf blade oblong, sometimes ovate, often strongly cupped, 10-25 × 5-13 mm, extremely thick, leathery, base cuneate to cordate, margins very coarsely revolute, often undulate-crisped, entire, rarely with a few teeth, secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially brownish or buff, persistently tomentose with erect curly hairs, rarely glabrate in 2d season, midribs (and sometimes principal veins) glabrous and brown against tomentum, secondary veins sometimes prominently raised, usually obscured by tomentum, adaxially dark or gray-green, lustrous, sparsely or moderately stellate-pubescent, secondary veins impressed. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 15 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, 7-8 mm deep × ca. 10 mm wide, base round, margin thin, scales ovate or narrower, proximally canescent-tomentose, moderately or markedly tuberculate, tips closely appressed, reddish, thin, nearly glabrous; nut light brown, ovoid, 9-12 × 8-10 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: orbicular
bud color color: red-brown
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf hair count low: 2
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: brown
leaf vein color color: brown
color: gray-green
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 9
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: red
plant scales shape shape: ovate
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
width_low: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 12, width_low: 8, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
color: yellow
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus john-tuckeri Shrubs , subevergreen or evergreen, 1-3(-5) m. Bark light gray or brown, scaly. Twigs yellowish or dingy gray, 1-1.5(-2) mm diam., densely tomentulose. Buds brown, ovoid or globose, 1.5-2(-3) mm, glabrous except for ciliate margins of scales; proximal scales often yellowish puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm. Leaf blade unicolored, elliptic or obovate, (10-)15-30(-40) × (8-)10-15(-20) mm, thick and leathery, often brittle, base truncate or rounded-attenuate, rarely subcordate, margins irregularly spinose-toothed, occasionally shallowly lobate, secondary veins (3-)4-7, often some veins branching near margin and passing into more than 1 tooth, apex acute or rounded; surfaces abaxially waxy grayish, light green, or yellowish, sparse to moderately dense (8-)10-12-rayed, (loosely) appressed-stellate hairs, often 0.2-0.5 mm diam., and sparse to crowded, yellowish, glandular hairs, adaxially dull grayish, with stellate hairs, similar to abaxial surface. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup cup-shaped or obconic to hemispheric, 5-7 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, thin, scales whitish or yellowish, moderately or scarcely tuberculate, puberulent; nut fusiform, ovoid, or conic, 20-30 mm, apex acute. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color color: brown
bud margin shape margin_shape: ciliate
bud scales color color: yellow
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: subcordate
leaf color color: yellow
leaf count low: 1
leaf hair color color: gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf hair size diameter_low: 0.2, diameter_high: 0.5, diameter_units: mm
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: lobate
leaf ray count min: 8, low: 10, high: 12
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 15, length_high: 30, length_max: 40, width_min: 8, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_max: 20, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: green
color: yellow
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 4, high: 7
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: branching
plant scales color color: white
color: yellow
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: obconic
shape: hemispheric
shape: fusiform
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
length_low: 20, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_max: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus kelloggii Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown to black, ridges broad, irregular. Twigs brown to red-brown, (1.5-)2-3.5 mm diam., glabrate. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 4-10 mm, glabrous or with scales ciliate on margins. Leaves: petiole 10-60 mm, glabrous to densely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic to obovate, 60-200 × 40-140 mm, base cordate to obtuse, occasionally rounded, margins with 7-11 lobes and 13-45 awns, lobes acute to distally expanded, separated by deep sinuses, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous with small axillary tufts of tomentum to densely pubescent, adaxially glabrous to minutely pubescent, veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to deeply bowl-shaped, 13-27 mm high × 20-28 mm wide, covering 1/2-2/3 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface 1/3 to completely pubescent, scales more than 4 mm long, attenuate or acuminate to acute, smooth, occasionally tuberculate near base of cup, tips loose, especially at margin of cup; nut oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 21-34 × 14-22 mm, puberulent, especially at apex, scar diam. 5.5-10.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: brown
color: black
bark shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 13, high: 45
leaf lobe count low: 7, high: 11
leaf lobe shape shape: acute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 60, length_high: 200, width_low: 40, width_high: 140, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 10, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: attenuate
shape: acuminate
shape: acute
plant scales size length_low: 4, length_units: mm
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: oblong
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 13, length_high: 27, length_units: mm, width_low: 20, width_high: 28, width_units: mm
length_low: 21, length_high: 34, width_low: 14, width_high: 22, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 10.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus laceyi Trees , deciduous, to 5-8(-10) m. Bark light colored, papery or scaly. Twigs gray, 1.5-2 mm diam., pubescent with erect stellate hairs, these soon shed, at maturity reddish and pruinose to tan and glabrous. Buds brown, ovoid to ovoid-lanceoloid, 1.5-3 × 1-2 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)5-9(-12) mm. Leaf blade blue-green, glaucous, obovate or elliptic, (20-)40-90(-210) × (20-)30-60(-110) mm, thin, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole to rounded or rarely somewhat cordate, margins thin, flat, entire to shallowly lobed or (rarely in shade forms) deeply lobed, lobes if present oblong, squarish, often retuse, secondary veins 6-9 on each side, each terminating in tooth or arching near margins, apex broadly rounded, retuse; surfaces abaxially whitish, with erect stellate hairs, hairs shed as leaves expand, becoming glabrous, glaucous, adaxially glabrous, glaucous. Acorns annual, solitary or paired, subsessile or on short peduncle to 10(-20) mm in leaf axil; cup saucer-shaped or shallowly cup-shaped, 4-7 mm deep × 10-12(-18) mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or less, scales moderately tuberculate, finely tomentose; nut oblong or barrel-shaped, often flattened at both ends, (11-)13-15(-20) × 9-11(-14) mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: retuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf color color: blue-green
color: glaucous
color: glaucous
color: glaucous
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: retuse
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_min: 20, length_low: 40, length_high: 90, length_max: 210, width_min: 20, width_low: 30, width_high: 60, width_max: 110, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
peduncle shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: oblong
peduncle size length_low: 10, length_max: 20, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
length_min: 11, length_low: 13, length_high: 15, length_max: 20, width_low: 9, width_high: 11, width_max: 14, width_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 3, length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_max: 12, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_max: 10, length_units: m
twig color color: gray
color: red
color: tan
twig hair shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus laevis Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark bluish gray, deeply furrowed, inner bark orangish or reddish. Twigs dark reddish brown with distinct grayish cast, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4) mm diam., sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous. Terminal buds light brown to reddish brown, conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5.5-12 mm, pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade circular or broadly ovate-elliptic, widest near or proximal to middle, 100-200 × 80-150 mm, base attenuate to acute, occasionally obtuse or rounded, blade decurrent on petiole, margins with 3-7(-9) lobes and 7-20 awns, lobes attenuate to falcate, occasionally oblong or distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially occasionally orange-scurfy, usually glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup somewhat goblet-shaped, 9-14 mm high × 16-24 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scales occasionally tuberculate, tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute, margin conspicuously involute; nut ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 17-28 × 12-18 mm, often faintly striate, glabrate, scar diam. 6-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: orange
color: red
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 5.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 7, high: 20
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 7, max: 9
leaf lobe shape shape: attenuate
shape: falcate
shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 100, length_high: 200, width_low: 80, width_high: 150, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: orange
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: involute
plant margin shape shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 9, length_high: 14, length_units: mm, width_low: 16, width_high: 24, width_units: mm
length_low: 17, length_high: 28, width_low: 12, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
color: gray
twig size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus laurifolia Trees , tardily deciduous, to 40 m. Bark dark brown to black, ridges flat, furrows deep. Twigs red-brown, (1-)1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark red-brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-6 mm, distinctly 5-angled in cross section, glabrous or with tuft of reddish hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1.5-5 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade rhombic or broadly elliptic to obovate, occasionally oblong or spatulate, 30-120 × 15-45 mm, thin, base attenuate or cuneate, rarely obtuse, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous, veins raised. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped to deeply bowl-shaped, 3.5-9 mm high × 11-17 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent at least 1/2 distance to rim, scale tips appressed, acute or attenuate; nut globose or ovoid, 8.5-16 × 10-16 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 6.5-11.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud hair color location: terminal, color: red
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: rhomboic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 30, length_high: 120, width_low: 15, width_high: 45, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 40, length_units: m
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 11, width_high: 17, width_units: mm
length_low: 8.5, length_high: 16.0, width_low: 10, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 11.5, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.0, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus lobata Trees , deciduous, to 25(-35) m, usually with solitary trunks. Bark gray, scaly, deeply checkered in age. Twigs yellowish, gray, occasionally reddish, 2-4 mm diam., densely or sparsely tomentulose. Buds yellowish or light brown, ovoid, (2-)3-5(-6) mm, apex occasionally acute, densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-12 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or elliptic, moderately to deeply lobed, (40-)50-100(-120) × 30-60(-75) mm, base rounded-attenuate, cuneate, or truncate, rarely subcordate, margins with sinuses usually reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, lobes oblong or spatulate, obtuse, rounded, or blunt, secondary veins 5-10 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially whitish or light green, densely to sparsely covered with interlocking appressed or semi-erect, 8-10(-14)-rayed stellate hairs, adaxially dark green or grayish, glossy or somewhat scurfy because of sparse stellate hairs. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup deeply cup-shaped, hemispheric or turbinate, rim thick, 10-30 mm deep × 14-30 mm wide, scales grayish or cream, more acute near rim, strongly and irregularly tuberculate, especially toward base of cup; nut light brown, oblong or fusiform, 30-60 × (12-)15-25 mm, tapering to acute or rounded apex. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: yellow
color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_min: 2, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
shape: subcordate
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: spatulate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_min: 40, length_low: 50, length_high: 100, length_max: 120, width_low: 30, width_high: 60, width_max: 75, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: green
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: semi-erect
plant hair color color: green
color: gray
plant hair shape shape: stellate
plant ray count low: 8, high: 10, max: 14
plant scales color color: gray
color: white
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: oblong
shape: fusiform
shape: acute
shape: orbicular
plant size length_low: 25, length_max: 35, length_units: m
length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 30, length_high: 60, width_min: 12, width_low: 15, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: stellate
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
color: red
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus lyrata Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark light gray, tinged with red, with thick plates underlying scales. Twigs grayish or reddish, (2-)3(-4) mm diam., villous, soon glabrate. Buds 3 mm, gray-puberulent. Leaves: petiole 8-20(-25) mm. Leaf blade obovate or broadly obovate, 100-160(-200) × 50-100(-120) mm, base narrowly cuneate to acute, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes somewhat to sharply angular or spatulate, often with 2-3 teeth, sinuses nearly to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or somewhat glaucous, tomentose, tomentum persisting or soon falling, adaxially dark green or dull gray, sparsely puberulent to glabrate. Acorns 1-2 on axillary peduncles to 40 mm; cup goblet-shaped, burlike, or spheroid, 15-20 mm deep × 20-30 mm wide, usually completely enclosing nut or merely apex visible, rarely enclosing only 1/2 nut, orifice smaller than nut diameter, often splitting irregularly at maturity, scales closely appressed, especially about margin, laterally connate, broadly triangular, keeled-tuberculate, finely grayish tomentose; nut light brown or grayish, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (15-)25-50 × (10-)20-40 mm, finely puberulent or floccose. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: red
bud color color: gray
bud size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf lobe shape shape: angular
shape: spatulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 100, length_high: 160, length_max: 200, width_low: 50, width_high: 100, width_max: 120, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
color: gray
leaf tooth count low: 2, high: 3
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
peduncle color color: brown
color: gray
peduncle margin color color: gray
peduncle margin shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
shape: keeled
peduncle shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
peduncle size length_high: 40, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
length_min: 15, length_low: 25, length_high: 50, width_min: 10, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 8, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
twig color color: gray
color: red
twig size diameter_min: 2, diameter_low: 3, diameter_max: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus macrocarpa Trees , deciduous, to 30(-50) m. Bark dark gray, scaly or flat-ridged. Twigs grayish or reddish, 2-4 mm diam., often forming extensive flat, radiating, corky wings, finely pubescent. Buds 2-5(-6) mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (6-)15-25(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, often fiddle-shaped, (50-)70-150(-310) × (40-)50-130(-160) mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins moderately to deeply lobed, toothed, deepest sinuses near midleaf (at least in proximal 2/3), sinuses reaching nearly to midrib, longer lobes grading into shallow lobes or merely simple teeth distally, shallower, compound lobes proximally, secondary veins arched, divergent, 4-5(-10) on each side, apex broadly rounded or ovate; surfaces abaxially light green or whitish, with minute appressed-stellate hairs forming dense, rarely sparse, tomentum, erect felty hairs absent, adaxially dark green or dull gray, sparsely puberulent to glabrate. Acorns 1-3 on stout peduncle (0-)6-20(-25) mm; cup hemispheric or turbinate, (8-)15-50 mm deep × (10-)20-60 mm wide, enclosing 1/2-7/8 nut or more, scales closely appressed, laterally connate, broadly triangular, keeled, tuberculate, finely grayish tomentose, those near margins often with soft awns to 5-10 mm or more, forming fringe around nut; nut light brown or grayish, ovoid-ellipsoid or oblong, (15-)25-50 × (10-)20-40 mm, finely puberulent or floccose. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: green
color: gray
leaf hair count min: 0
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 50, length_low: 70, length_high: 150, length_max: 310, width_min: 40, width_low: 50, width_high: 130, width_max: 160, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: white
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 5, max: 10
peduncle color color: brown
color: gray
peduncle margin size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle scales shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
shape: keeled
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: oblong
peduncle size length_low: 6, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, length_units: mm
length_min: 8, length_low: 15, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
length_min: 15, length_low: 25, length_high: 50, width_min: 10, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 6, length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_max: 30, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_low: 30, length_max: 50, length_units: m
twig color color: gray
color: red
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus margarettae Small trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 12 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs green or reddish, becoming gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 2-3(-6) mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: petiole 3-10(-15) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate, (25-)40-80(-135) × 20-40(-80) mm, base cuneate to rounded-attenuate, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or spatulate, sometimes middle or distal 2 lobes compound, with secondary lobe on proximal side, divergent at right angles, forming cruciform pattern, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green, with interlocking, erect, 2-4(-6)-rayed stellate hairs, velvety to touch, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or sparsely stellate, not harsh to touch. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 20 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped, basally rounded or constricted, (7-)9-12 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, enclosing to 3/4 nut, scales loosely appressed, finely grayish pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid, 15-25(-30) × 9-13(-16) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: obtuse
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular-attenuate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf lobe count low: 2
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
shape: cruciform
leaf ray count low: 2, high: 4, max: 6
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_min: 25, length_low: 40, length_high: 80, length_max: 135, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_max: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
leaf vein count low: 3, high: 5
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_max: 15, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: orbicular
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 12, length_units: m
length_high: 20, length_units: mm
length_min: 7, length_low: 9, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_max: 30, width_low: 9, width_high: 13, width_max: 16, width_units: mm
twig color color: green
color: red
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_max: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus marilandica Trees , deciduous, to 15 m. Bark almost black, with irregular or rectangular blocks, inner bark orangish. Twigs ashy brown, (1-)2-4(-5) mm diam., pubescent to tomentose. Terminal buds conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny pubescent. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm, densely to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade obovate to obtrullate, (50-)70-200 × (40-)70-200 mm, base rounded or cordate, blade not decurrent, margins with 3-5 shallow, often very broad lobes and 3-10 awns, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially scurfy or with scattered pubescence, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup turbinate, 6-10 mm high × 13-18 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute or acuminate; nut broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-20 × 10-18 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. 2 n = 12. [R. C. Friesner 1930. J. W. Duffield (1940) suggested that Friesner was counting bivalents; if so, then 2 n = 24, consistent with all other reports for Quercus .]
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 12
low: 1930
low: 1940
low: 24
bark color color: black
color: orange
bark shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
shape: rhomboid
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 10
leaf margin count low: 3, high: 5
leaf shape shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 50, length_low: 70, length_high: 200, width_min: 40, width_low: 70, width_high: 200, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 15, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 13, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
twig size diameter_min: 1, diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 4, diameter_max: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus michauxii Trees , deciduous, to 20 m. Bark light brown or gray, scaly. Twigs brown or reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., with sparse spreading hairs or glabrate. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, apex rounded or acute, glabrous or minutely puberulent. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or broadly elliptic, (60-)100-280 × 50-180 mm, base rounded-acuminate or broadly cuneate, margins regularly toothed, teeth rounded, dentate, or acuminate, secondary veins 15-20 on each side, parallel, straight or somewhat curved, apex broadly rounded or acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green or yellowish, felty to touch because of conspicuous or minute, erect, 1-4-rayed hairs, adaxially glabrous or with minute simple or fascicled hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or more often on axillary peduncle to 20-30 mm; cup hemispheric, broadly hemispheric or even short-cylindric, 15-25 mm deep × 25-40 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut or more, scales very loosely appressed, distinct to base, gray or light brown, moderately to heavily tuberculate, tips silky-tomentose; nut light brown, ovoid or cylindric, 25-35 × 20-25 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: gray
bud apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-acuminate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf ray count low: 1, high: 4
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_min: 60, length_low: 100, length_high: 280, width_low: 50, width_high: 180, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: yellow
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: dentate
leaf tooth shape shape: orbicular
shape: acuminate
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 20
leaf vein shape shape: curved
peduncle base color color: gray
color: brown
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: hemispheric
shape: cylindric
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
peduncle size length_low: 20, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
length_low: 25, length_high: 35, width_low: 20, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus minima Shrubs , subevergreen or evergreen, low, rhizomatous, forming clonal patches of straight, often unbranched stems 0.2-0.7(-2) m. Bark light gray or brown, smooth. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or very finely tomentulose and glabrate in 2d year. Buds dark gray-brown, globose, 0.5-1(-1.5) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves dimorphic; petiole 1-4(-10) mm. Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes orbiculate or lance-ovate, often asymmetric, 40-120 × 20-50 mm proximally on shoots, narrowly elliptic, 20-60 × 5-20 mm distally on shoots, base cuneate, rarely truncate or cordate, margins minutely revolute or flat, coarsely and irregularly 1-5 toothed on each side (proximal leaves of shoots) or entire (distal leaves on shoots), teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 4-10(-12) on each side, usually 4-6 in proximal leaves, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, (8-)10-15 mm deep × 6-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, narrowly ovoid or subcylindric, 13-22(-25) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color color: gray-brown
bud shape shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_max: 1.5, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf color color: green
color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 5
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 40, length_high: 120, width_low: 20, width_high: 50, width_units: mm
length_low: 20, length_high: 60, width_low: 5, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: glaucous
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 10, max: 12
low: 4, high: 6
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_max: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: dimorphic
plant scales color color: white
color: gray
color: tips-red
plant scales shape shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindrical
plant size length_low: 3, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_min: 8, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 13, length_high: 22, length_max: 25, width_low: 8, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
stem size length_low: 0.2, length_high: 0.7, length_max: 2.0, length_units: m
twig color color: gray
twig count low: 2
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus mohriana Shrubs or trees , evergreen or deciduous, shrubs erect, rhizomatous, trees small, 0.5-3 m. Bark pale, rough and deeply furrowed. Twigs yellowish or whitish, 1-2 mm diam., felty-tomentose. Buds dark red-brown, round-ovoid, 2 mm, glabrous, occasionally puberulent on outer scales, not subtended by persistent, hairy, subulate stipules. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade usually strongly bicolored, oblong or elliptic, (15-)30-50(-80) × (10-)20-30(-35) mm, leathery, base rounded, rarely cuneate or cordulate, margins entire or toothed or denticulate, undulate or flat, secondary veins 8-9 on each side, apex rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially densely gray- or white-tomentose with semi-erect curly, stellate hairs, secondary veins rather prominently raised, adaxially dark or dull green, lustrous or somewhat glaucous, with minute, scattered, semi-erect or appressed-stellate, (4-)6 or many rayed hairs, not felty to touch, secondary veins slightly raised or prominent within depressions. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or peduncle sometimes 10-15 mm, tomentose like twigs; cup shallowly to very deeply cup-shaped, 5-12 mm deep × 8-18 mm wide, enclosing 1/2 nut, base rounded or flat, margin thin, scales triangular-ovate to oblong, proximal scales coarsely tuberculate and canescent-tomentose, distal ones usually elongate and narrowed, tips appressed, reddish, thin, nearly glabrous; nut light brown, ellipsoid to ovoid, 8-15 × 5-12 mm. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: red-brown
bud scales duration duration: persistent
bud scales shape shape: subulate
bud shape shape: orbicular-ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_min: 15, length_low: 30, length_high: 50, length_max: 80, width_min: 10, width_low: 20, width_high: 30, width_max: 35, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: white
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 9
peduncle base shape shape: orbicular
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: red
peduncle scales shape shape: triangular-ovate
shape: oblong
shape: elongate
peduncle shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 5, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: semi-erect
habit: semi-erect
plant size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: m
plant surface shape shape: stellate
plant vein color color: green
color: glaucous
plant vein count min: 4, low: 6
plant vein shape shape: stellate
twig color color: yellow
color: white
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus montana Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray or brown, hard, with deep V-shaped furrows. Twigs light brown, 2-3(-4) mm diam., glabrous. Buds light brown, ovoid, (3-)4-6 mm, occasionally apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole (3-)10-30 mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, (100-)120-200(-220) × 60-100(-120) mm, base subacute or rounded-acuminate, often unequal, margins regularly toothed, teeth rounded or rarely somewhat acute, secondary veins ± parallel, straight or moderately curved, 10-14(-16) on each side, apex broadly acuminate; surfaces abaxially light green, appearing glabrous but with scattered minute, asymmetric, appressed-stellate hairs and usually visible, larger, simple or fascicled erect hairs along veins, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, simple hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle 8-20(-25) mm; cup shallowly cup-shaped to hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, rim thin, often flared and undulate, helmetlike, 9-15 mm deep × 18-25 mm wide, scales often in concentric or transverse rows, laterally connate, gray, broadly ovate, tips reddish, glabrous; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, 15-30 × 10-20(-25) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_min: 3, length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: subacute
shape: orbicular-acuminate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 100, length_low: 120, length_high: 200, length_max: 220, width_low: 60, width_high: 100, width_max: 120, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
leaf tooth shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
leaf vein shape shape: curved
petiole size length_min: 3, length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape margin_shape: undulate
plant scales color color: gray
color: tips-red
plant scales shape shape: connate
shape: ovate
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 8, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, length_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_max: 25, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_max: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus muehlenbergii Trees , deciduous, moderate to large, to 30 m, occasionally large shrubs (ca. 3 m) on drier sites. Bark gray, thin, flaky to papery. Twigs brownish, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., sparsely fine-pubescent, soon becoming glabrate, graying in 2d year. Buds brown to red-brown, subrotund to broadly ovoid, 20-40 × (10-)15-25 mm, apex rounded, very sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (7-)10-30(-37) mm. Leaf blade usually obovate, sometimes lanceolate to oblanceolate, (32-)50-150(-210) × (10-)40-80(-106) mm, leathery, base truncate to cuneate, margins regularly undulate, toothed or shallow-lobed, teeth or lobes rounded, or acute-acuminate, often strongly antrorse, secondary veins usually (9-)10-14(-16) on each side, ± parallel, apex short-acute to acuminate or apiculate; surfaces abaxially glaucous or light green, appearing glabrate but with scattered or crowded minute, appressed, symmetric, 6-10-rayed stellate hairs, adaxially lustrous dark green, glabrate. Acorns 1-2, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 8 mm; cup hemispheric or shallowly cupped, 4-12 mm deep × 8-22 mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut, base rounded, margin usually thin, scales closely appressed, moderately to prominently tuberculate, uniformly short gray-pubescent; nut light brown, oblong to ovoid, (13-)15-20(-28) × l0-13(-16) mm. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: orbicular
bud color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 20, length_high: 40, width_min: 10, width_low: 15, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: green
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute-acuminate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: toothed
leaf ray count low: 6, high: 10
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_min: 32, length_low: 50, length_high: 150, length_max: 210, width_min: 10, width_low: 40, width_high: 80, width_max: 106, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: glaucous
color: green
leaf surface shape shape: symmetric
shape: stellate
leaf vein count min: 9, low: 10, high: 14, max: 16
peduncle base shape shape: orbicular
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 13, length_max: 16, length_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 7, length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_max: 37, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
twig count low: 2
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus myrtifolia Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 12 m. Bark gray and smooth distally, dark and shallowly furrowed near base. Twigs dark red-brown, 1-2.5(-3) mm diam., persistently pubescent, rarely almost glabrous. Terminal buds reddish to purplish brown, ovoid, 2-5.5 mm, glabrous or with tuft of tawny hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 1-5 mm, glabrous, occasionally sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly or broadly obovate, occasionally spatulate, 15-50(-70) × 10-25(-35) mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, somewhat revolute, with 1-4 awns, apex obtuse or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for axillary tufts of tomentum, occasionally yellow-scurfy, adaxial surface planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly goblet-shaped, 4-7 mm high × 8.5-14.5 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface half to fully pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to globose, 9.5-14 × 8-13 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color location: terminal, color: red
location: terminal, color: purple-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 1, high: 4
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: spatulate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 50, length_max: 70, width_low: 10, width_high: 25, width_max: 35, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: yellow
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
plant size length_high: 12, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 8.5, width_high: 14.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 14.0, width_low: 8, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_max: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus nigra Trees , deciduous or tardily deciduous, to 30 m. Bark grayish black, fissures irregular, shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs dark red-brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds reddish brown, ovoid, 3-6.5 mm, puberulent throughout, occasionally densely pubescent on apical 2/3. Leaves: petiole 2-9 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade distinctly obtrullate, rarely elliptic or merely obovate, widest near apex, 30-120(-160) × 15-60(-70) mm, base attenuate or cuneate, rarely rounded, margins entire with 1 apical awn or with 2-3 shallow lobes and 2-5 awns (leaves on juvenile or 2d-flush growth may be deeply lobed with more awns), apex obtuse to blunt or rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute or conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins rarely raised, adaxially glabrous with secondary veins somewhat impressed. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped, 2.5-5.5 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/4 nut or less, outer surface puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid, 9.5-14 × 9.5-14.5 mm, often faintly striate, glabrate, scar diam. 6-11.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray-black
color: pink
bark shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf apex size length_low: 30, length_high: 120, length_max: 160, width_low: 15, width_high: 60, width_max: 70, width_units: mm
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 2
leaf lobe count low: 2, high: 5
leaf margin count low: 1
low: 2, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 14.0, width_low: 9.5, width_high: 14.5, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.0, length_high: 11.5, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus oblongifolia Trees , evergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray or whitish, closely furrowed. Twigs light brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, subspheric to broadly ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous or basal scales pubescent; stipules persistent about terminal buds. Leaves: petiole 2-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, occasionally lanceolate or ovate, (20-)30-60(-80) × (5-)10-25(-30) mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire, undulate, sometimes irregularly toothed especially toward apex, secondary veins 7-8(-10) on each side, branched, apex acute or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially densely and loosely glandular-tomentose, quickly glabrate or persistently floccose, especially about base of midrib, at maturity strongly glaucous, adaxially dull pale green, bluish green, or glaucous, sparsely stellate-tomentose, quickly glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 4-12 mm; cup cup-shaped, about 6-8(-l3) mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/3 nut, scales to 1-1.5 mm wide, moderately, regularly tuberculate near base of cup, gray-pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 12-17(-19) × (7-)10-12 mm, glabrate or puberulent about apex. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: white
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf base color color: glaucous
color: green
color: green
color: glaucous
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 20, length_low: 30, length_high: 60, length_max: 80, width_min: 5, width_low: 10, width_high: 25, width_max: 30, width_units: mm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 8, max: 10
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_max: 8, length_units: mm
plant base color color: gray
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 6, high: 8
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales size width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: mm
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 17, length_max: 19, width_min: 7, width_low: 10, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
stipule duration duration: persistent
twig color color: brown
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus oglethorpensis Trees , deciduous, to 18(-25) m. Bark light gray or whitish, scaly. Twigs brownish red, ca. 1 mm diam., sparsely pubescent, glabrate with age. Buds reddish brown, globose, to 2-2.5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-7 mm. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, ± planar, not strongly convexly cupped, 50-150 × 20-45 mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire or on vigorous shoots sometimes sinuate near apex, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex rounded, obtuse or broadly acute; surfaces abaxially yellowish green, covered with persistent velvety branched hairs, adaxially dark green, dull or glossy, sparsely stellate, often somewhat sandpapery with harsh hairs. Acorns 1-2, subsessile or on peduncle to 7 mm; cup turbinate, somewhat constricted proximally, 8 mm deep × 10 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut or more, scales closely appressed, finely tan-pubescent; nut gray brown, ovoid, 9-11 × (5-)7-9 mm, finely puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: white
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf hair color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: sinuate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 150, width_low: 20, width_high: 45, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: yellow-green
leaf surface duration duration: persistent
leaf vein count low: 3, high: 5
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales color color: tan
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 18, length_max: 25, length_units: m
length_high: 7, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 11, width_min: 5, width_low: 7, width_high: 9, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown-red
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus pacifica Shrubs, rarely small trees , subevergreen, shrubs to 2 m, trees to 5 m or taller. Bark scaly on older branches and trunk. Twigs brownish or reddish, minutely puberulent, becoming glabrate and gray with age. Buds light or chestnut brown, ovate or globose, 2-3 × 1-2 mm. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. Leaf blade obovate or oblong, planar to moderately convex or undulate, 15-40 × 7-20(-40) mm, base cuneate or rounded, attenuate-decurrent along petiole, margins minutely cartilaginous, entire or with 1-5 irregular teeth on each side, secondary veins obscure, 1-5 on each side, apex blunt or rounded, occasionally subacute with mucronate tip; surfaces abaxially waxy, glandular, with scattered minute, flat, appressed, ± 8-rayed stellate hairs, not obscuring surface, adaxially green, glossy, glabrate or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns paired or solitary in leaf axil, subsessile, rarely pedunculate in teratological forms; cup hemispheric to turbinate, to 15 mm deep × 20 mm wide, enclosing only 1/4-1/2 nut, scales moderately to heavily tuberculate, irregularly formed; nut light brown, acute-cylindric or fusiform, tapered, (15-)20-30 × (6-)9-15 m, apex acute, glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovate
shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: attenuate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf ray count low: 8
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong
shape: convex
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 40, width_low: 7, width_high: 20, width_max: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
leaf tooth count low: 1, high: 5
leaf tooth shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
leaf vein count low: 1, high: 5
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: turbinate
shape: acute-cylindric
shape: fusiform
plant size length_high: 2, length_units: m
length_high: 5, length_units: m
length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_min: 15, length_low: 20, length_high: 30, width_min: 6, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: m
twig color color: brown
color: red
color: gray
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus pagoda Trees , deciduous, to 40 m. Bark nearly black with narrow and noticeably flaky ridges, often resembling that of wild black cherry, inner bark orange. Twigs yellowish brown, 2-3.5 mm diam., pubescent. Terminal buds light reddish brown, ovoid, 4-9 mm, strongly 5-angled in cross section, puberulent throughout. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrate or pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 90-300 × 60-160 mm, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, margins with 5-11 lobes and 10-25 awns, lobes oblong, rarely falcate, terminal lobe rarely exceeding lateral lobes in length, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale, tomentose, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-7 mm high × 10-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut subglobose, 9-15 × 8-16 mm, often striate, puberulent, scar diam. 5-9 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: black
color: black
color: orange
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 10, high: 25
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 11
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: falcate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 90, length_high: 300, width_low: 60, width_high: 160, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 40, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 15, width_low: 8, width_high: 16, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: yellow-brown
twig size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus palmeri Small trees and shrubs , to 2-3 m. Twigs rigid, divaricately branched at 65-90° angles, reddish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent, sparsely so in 2d year. Terminal buds ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm, round in cross section, glabrous to sparsely fasciculate-pubescent. Leaf blade suborbiculate, elliptic to round-ovate, 20-30(-50) × 20-40 mm, crisped, leathery and brittle, base obtuse to strongly subcordate, secondary veins 5-8(-12) pairs, each terminating in spine, basal pairs recurving, others branching at 45° angles, raised abaxially, margins spinose-dentate to occasionally entire, with highly thickened cell walls, spines cartilaginous, (1-)1.5-2 mm, apex broadly rounded or subacute, spinose; surfaces abaxially glaucous with waxy layer, often obscured by golden brown glandular hairs, adaxially grayish dark green, scurfy with fasciculate erect and twisting hairs. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup turbinate to saucer-shaped, margins involute, often irregular, 7-10 mm deep × 10-25(-35) mm wide, scales appressed, embedded, often appearing laterally connate into concentric rings with only tip of scale visible, tuberculate, densely golden-tomentose throughout; nut oblong to fusiform, 20-30 × 10-15 mm, apex acute.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud apex shape location: terminal, shape: orbicular
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: subcordate
leaf hair color color: gray
color: green
leaf shape shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 30, length_max: 50, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
length_min: 1.0, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
leaf surface color color: glaucous
color: golden-brown
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8, max: 12, group: pairs
leaf vein location location: basal
petiole shape shape: orbicular
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: branching
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: involute
plant margin shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
plant margin size length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant scales color color: golden
plant scales shape shape: connate
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: saucerlike
shape: oblong
shape: fusiform
plant size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: m
length_low: 20, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
plant vein count low: 45
twig color color: red-brown
twig count low: 65, high: 90
low: 2
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus palustris Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark grayish brown, fissures broad, shallow, inner bark pinkish. Twigs reddish brown, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., soon becoming glabrous. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, glabrous or with a few fine hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 50-160 × 50-120 mm, base cuneate to broadly obtuse or truncate with basal pair of lobes often somewhat recurved, margins with 5-7 lobes and 10-30 awns, lobes acute or attenuate or distally expanded, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin, saucer-shaped, 3-6 mm high × 9.5-16 mm wide, covering 1/4 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface glabrous or with a few hairs around scar, scale tips tightly appressed, acute to obtuse; nut globose or ovoid, 10-16 × 9-15 mm, often conspicuously striate, glabrous, scar diam. 5.5-9 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray-brown
color: pink
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 10, high: 30
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 7
leaf lobe location location: basal
leaf lobe shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 160, width_low: 50, width_high: 120, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 9.5, width_high: 16.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 16, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 9.0, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus phellos Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. Twigs reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy. Leaf blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: orange
bud apex shape location: terminal, shape: acute
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: linear
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 120, width_low: 10, width_high: 25, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: green
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_max: 6, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: hemispheric
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 6.5, length_units: mm, width_low: 7.5, width_high: 11.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 12, width_low: 6.5, width_high: 10.0, width_units: mm
length_low: 4.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: brown
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus polymorpha Trees , subevergreen, to 20 m. Bark gray to brown, scaly. Twigs reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., tomentose, soon glabrate. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 3-10 mm, apex acute, pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole (6-)15-25 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate or lance-ovate, sometimes obovate, 50-100(-150) × 30-60(-80) mm, base rounded or cordate, margins entire or obscurely or prominently serrate-toothed in distal 1/3 blade, revolute, secondary veins moderately curved, 10-12(-14) on each side, apex rounded, acuminate or retuse, sometimes with prominent drip-tip; surfaces abaxially light green, sometimes rather glaucous, veinlets raised, forming raised reticulum, floccose or tomentose with erect, golden hairs, soon glabrate, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, floccose or tomentose when immature, soon glabrate, secondary and tertiary veins impressed. Acorns 1-2 on peduncle 5-30 mm; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 10-13 mm deep × 12-20 mm wide, including ca. 1/2 nut, scales appressed, thickened basally, gray-canescent; nut light brown, ovoid-ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 14-20(-25) × 8-13 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acuminate
shape: retuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair color color: golden
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: revolute
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 100, length_max: 150, width_low: 30, width_high: 60, width_max: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: glaucous
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12, max: 14
leaf vein shape shape: curved
petiole size length_min: 6, length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 30, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 13, length_units: mm
length_low: 14, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, width_low: 8, width_high: 13, width_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus prinoides Shrubs , deciduous, (0.5-)1-3(-5, 10?) m, sometimes spreading-rhizomatous. Bark gray, thin, flaky to papery. Twigs brownish, 1.5-3(-4) mm diam., sparsely fine-pubescent, soon becoming glabrate, graying in 2d year. Buds brown to red-brown, subrotund to broadly ovoid, 1-3 mm, apex rounded, very sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole (7-)8-15(-25) mm. Leaf blade lanceolate to oblanceolate or usually obovate, 40-140 × 20-60(-80) mm, leathery, base truncate to cuneate, margins regularly undulate, toothed or shallow-lobed, teeth usually acute, sometimes rounded, or acute-acuminate, often strongly antrorse, secondary veins usually 5-8(-9) on each side, ± parallel, apex short-acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glaucous or light green, appearing glabrate, with scattered or crowded minute, appressed, symmetric, 6-10-rayed, stellate hairs, adaxially lustrous dark green, glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 3-8 mm; cup deeply or shallowly cup-shaped, 9-12 mm deep × 13-17(-22) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-1/3 nut, base rounded, margin usually thin, scales rather tightly appressed, moderately tuberculate, uniformly short gray-pubescent; nut light brown, oblong to ovoid, (13-)15-20 × l0-13 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: orbicular
bud color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: toothed
leaf ray count low: 6, high: 10
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 40, length_high: 140, width_low: 20, width_high: 60, width_max: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: glaucous
color: green
leaf surface shape shape: symmetric
shape: stellate
leaf tooth shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
shape: acute-acuminate
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8, max: 9
peduncle base shape shape: orbicular
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: oblong
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
length_low: 13, length_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 7, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_max: 25, length_units: mm
plant count low: 5
low: 10
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
twig color color: brown
twig count low: 2
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 4.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus pumila Shrubs , deciduous or tardily deciduous, to 1 m. Bark gray to dark brown. Twigs gray-brown to reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds brown to red-brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous or with ciliate scale margins. Leaves: petiole 1.5-4.5 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade oblong to narrowly obovate, 25-100 × 10-33 mm, base acute to rounded, margins entire, revolute, with 1 apical awn, apex acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially uniformly gray-brown pubescent, rarely glabrate, adaxially somewhat convex, rugose, glabrous or with scattered hairs along midrib. Acorns annual; cup deeply saucer-shaped to turbinate, 5-12 mm high × 10-15 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2(-2/3) nut, outer surface pubescent, inner surface densely pubescent, scales rarely involute, often tuberculate, tips tightly appressed, acute; nut globose to ovoid or broadly oblong, 9.5-15 × 9-12 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 25, length_high: 100, width_low: 10, width_high: 33, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray-brown
leaf surface shape shape: convex
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: annual
plant scales margin shape margin_shape: involute
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 1, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 9.5, length_high: 15.0, width_low: 9, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
twig color color: gray-brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus pungens Shrubs or moderate-sized trees , evergreen or subevergreen. Bark light brown, papery. Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., short velvety-tomentose, glabrate with age. Buds dark red-brown, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-40(-90) × 10-20(-40) mm, rather thick, leathery, stiff, base rounded or minutely cordate, very rarely cuneate, margins regularly undulate-crisped, not revolute, coarsely toothed or incised with acute teeth or spinose lobes, secondary veins 5-8(-14) on each side, usually branched before passing into teeth, apex acute or obtuse, rarely rounded, spine-tipped; surfaces abaxially canescent, usually densely stellate-pubescent, and mixed with stiff, harsh, stellate hairs, often sandpapery to touch, rarely glabrate, adaxially yellowish green, glossy, usually rough and sandpapery because of minute, persistent hair bases, rarely glabrate. Acorns subsessile or on peduncle to 3 mm; cup shallowly to deeply cup-shaped or turbinate, to 8 mm deep × l3 mm wide, covering ca. 1/4 nut, margin thin, scales reddish brown, moderately tuberculate or keeled, densely gray-tomentose; nut light brown, broadly ovoid to subcylindric, to 10 × 10 mm, apex rounded to subacute, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud color color: red-brown
bud size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-green
leaf duration duration: persistent
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
shape: incised
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 40, length_max: 90, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_max: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf tooth shape shape: acute
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8, max: 14
petiole size length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant scales color color: red-brown
color: gray
plant scales shape shape: keeled
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindrical
plant size length_high: 3, length_units: mm
length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, width_low: 10, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus robur Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs brown, 2-3 mm diam., glabrous. Buds dark brown, ovoid, distally obtuse, 2-3 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate (some cultivars oblanceolate), (50-)70-150(-200) × (20-)35-85(-100) mm, base strongly cordate, often minutely revolute or folded, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or retuse distally, sinuses extending 1/3-7/8 distance to midrib, secondary veins arched, divergent, (3-)5-7 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, glabrous at maturity, adaxially deep green to light green or gray, dull or glossy. Acorns 1-3, on very thin (1-2 mm diam.), flexuous peduncle (25-)35-65(-100) mm; cup hemispheric to deeply goblet-shaped, enclosing 1/4-1/2 nut or more, scales closely appressed, often in concentric rows, finely grayish tomentose; nut brown, ovoid, oblong, or cylindric, 15-30(-35) × 12-20 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: obtuse
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: revolute
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
shape: retuse
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_min: 50, length_low: 70, length_high: 150, length_max: 200, width_min: 20, width_low: 35, width_high: 85, width_max: 100, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: green
color: green
color: gray
leaf vein count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: cylindric
peduncle size length_min: 25, length_low: 35, length_high: 65, length_max: 100, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 30, length_max: 35, width_low: 12, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
twig color color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus robusta Trees , deciduous, to 13 m. Bark brown or black, roughly furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., densely pubescent or glabrate. Terminal buds glossy light brown, acutely ovoid, 4-7 mm, glabrous or pubescent on apical 1/2. Leaves: petiole 5-20 mm, pubescent or glabrate. Leaf blade acutely ovate to elliptic, widest at or proximal to middle, 55-120 × 20-50 mm, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins with 6-8 teeth or shallow lobes with rounded sinuses, rarely entire, 1-10 awns, apex acute or attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for small axillary tufts of tomentum or pubescent along midrib, adaxially glabrous or persistently pubescent near base and along midrib. Acorns biennial; cup deeply cup-shaped, 6-9 mm high × 8-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent or glabrate, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scales tightly appressed, acute or attenuate; nut oblong to broadly ellipsoid, 10-22 × 7-10 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 3.5-4.5 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf count low: 1, high: 10
leaf margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf sinus shape shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 55, length_high: 120, width_low: 20, width_high: 50, width_units: mm
leaf tooth count low: 6, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: oblong
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 13, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 22, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus rubra Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark gray or dark gray, ridges wide, shiny, separated by shallow fissures, inner bark pinkish. Twigs reddish brown, 2-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, 4-7 mm, glabrous or with tuft of reddish hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 25-50 mm, glabrous, often red tinged. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 120-200 × 60-120 mm, base broadly cuneate to almost truncate, margins with 7-11 lobes and 12-50 awns, lobes oblong, occasionally distally expanded, separated by shallow sinuses, sinuses usually extending less than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, often glaucous, glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially dull green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer- to cup-shaped, 5-12 mm high × 18-30 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales less than 4 mm, often with dark margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse; nut ovoid to oblong, 15-30 × 10-21 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 6.5-12.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: gray
color: gray
color: pink
bud color location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud hair color location: terminal, color: red
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 12, high: 50
leaf lobe count low: 7, high: 11
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 120, length_high: 200, width_low: 60, width_high: 120, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: glaucous
color: green
petiole color color: red-tinged
petiole size length_low: 25, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: obtuse
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales size length_low: 4, length_units: mm
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm, width_low: 18, width_high: 30, width_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 21, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.5, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus rugosa Shrubs or trees , evergreen, usually moderate-sized, rarely large. Bark light or dark brown, scaly. Twigs brown, turning gray with age, 1-2 mm diam., tomentose to tomentulose, variously glabrate or persistently pubescent. Buds brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent or eventually glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 7 mm. Leaf blade broadly obovate or panduriform to orbiculate or elliptic, rarely narrowly obovate, usually cupped, strongly concave proximally, sometimes planar, to 100 × 70 mm, stiff, leathery, base deeply or shallowly cordate, margins usually somewhat revolute, cartilaginously thickened, undulately crisped or flat with inconspicuous or coarse mucronate teeth near apex, secondary veins 8-10(-12) on each side, branched, apex broadly rounded, rarely subacute; surfaces abaxially dull, glaucous, or densely brownish tomentose, becoming nearly glabrate or pubescence persistent, especially about midribs, secondary veins very prominently raised, reticulate, adaxially dark green, lustrous, sparsely stellate-pubescent especially about base of midrib, secondary veins impressed. Acorns 1-3 or more on slender axillary peduncle 30-60 mm; cup deeply cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, to 9 mm deep × 15 mm wide, enclosing to 1/2 nut, scales loosely appressed, characteristically somewhat spreading, brown, ovate, tuberculate-thickened or only slightly so, tomentose or obscurely tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to elliptic, to 20 × l5 mm, glabrous or minutely villous. Cotyledons distinct, often reddish or purple.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud apex shape shape: obtuse
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
cotyledon color color: red
color: purple
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: subacute
leaf base shape shape: cordate
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 100, width_low: 70, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: glaucous
color: brown
leaf surface duration duration: persistent
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: brown
peduncle scales shape shape: ovate
peduncle shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
peduncle size length_low: 30, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
length_high: 9, length_units: mm
petiole size length_high: 7, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
twig color color: brown
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus sadleriana Shrubs , evergreen, to 1-3 m, rhizomatous. Bark gray, smooth. Twigs reddish or brown, pruinose, 3-4 mm diam., glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent around buds. Buds yellowish or tan, broadly ovoid or globose, 8-10 mm; scales loose, acute-ovate, silky. Leaves persisting on branches 2-3 years old; stipules often persistent, to 15 mm, golden-silky; petiole 15-25 mm. Leaf blade obovate or elliptic, 70-140 × 35-80 mm, base rounded or rounded-acuminate, rarely subcordate, margins serrate, not deeply lobed, teeth antrorse-acuminate, sharply mucronate, secondary veins prominent, parallel, straight, (8-)10-15 on each side, apex acuminate or acute; surfaces abaxially light green, waxy, with sparse or scattered, minute, asymmetric, appressed, 4-8-rayed stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm diam., and prominent raised stomates giving surface minute granular appearance, adaxially dark green, glabrous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 7-9 mm deep × 10-18 mm wide, scales gray, moderately tuberculate, tips reddish brown; nut light brown, ovoid or subglobose, 15-20 × 10-15 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color color: yellow
color: tan
bud scales shape shape: acute-ovate
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
bud size length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: orbicular-acuminate
shape: subcordate
leaf count low: 2, high: 3
leaf hair size diameter_low: 0.1, diameter_high: 0.2, diameter_units: mm
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf ray count low: 4, high: 8
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 70, length_high: 140, width_low: 35, width_high: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
color: green
leaf tooth shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf vein count min: 8, low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant scales color color: gray
color: tips-red-brown
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 20, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
stipule color color: golden
stipule duration duration: persistent
stipule size length_high: 15, length_units: mm
twig color color: red
color: brown
twig size diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus shumardii Trees , deciduous, to 35 m. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, shallowly fissured with scaly or light-colored flat ridges, inner bark pinkish. Twigs gray to light brown, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to grayish brown, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 4-8 mm, often noticeably 5-angled in cross section, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 20-60 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 100-200 × 60-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, occasionally acute, margins with 5-9 lobes and 15-50 awns, lobes oblong or distally expanded, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for prominent axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 7-12 mm high × 15-30 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface light-brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often with pale margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid to oblong, occasionally subglobose, 14-30 × 10-20 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 6.5-12 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray-brown
color: brown
color: pink
bud color location: terminal, color: gray
location: terminal, color: gray-brown
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
shape: acute
leaf count low: 15, high: 50
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 9
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 100, length_high: 200, width_low: 60, width_high: 150, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 60, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: subglobose
plant size length_high: 35, length_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_units: mm, width_low: 15, width_high: 30, width_units: mm
length_low: 14, length_high: 30, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
plant surface color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig color color: gray
color: brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_max: 4.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus similis Trees , deciduous, to 25 m, with single straight trunk. Bark brown, scaly. Twigs grayish, 2-3 mm diam., persistently tomentulose. Buds brown, ovoid, 2-3 mm, apex acute or rounded, proximally pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm. Leaf blade obovate or narrowly obovate, (50-)75-120(-150) × 50-65(-80) mm, base rounded-attenuate or acute, margins flat, shallowly 2-3-lobed on each side, lobes usually simple, oblong or rounded, rarely spatulate, not cruciform, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly ovate or acute; surfaces abaxially grayish, sparsely glandular and sparsely appressed-stellate, adaxially dark green, glossy, sparsely stellate. Acorns 1-3, subsessile; cup 6-7 mm deep × 10-13 mm wide, scales closely appressed, grayish, finely tomentulose; nut light brown or dark reddish brown, ovoid or oblong, 12-16 × 8-12 mm, puberulent or glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: ovate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: acute
leaf lobe count low: 2, high: 3
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
shape: cruciform
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 50, length_low: 75, length_high: 120, length_max: 150, width_low: 50, width_high: 65, width_max: 80, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
color: green
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf vein count low: 3, high: 5
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
color: red-brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, length_high: 16, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
twig color color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus sinuata Trees or shrubs , deciduous, to 15(-20) m, with solitary or multiple trunks. Bark gray to light brown, flaky to papery and exfoliating. Twigs light gray or gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent. Buds brown or reddish brown, broadly ovoid, 2-3 mm, essentially glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, or narrowly rhomboid, or cuneiform, or rounded-3-dentate, (25-)30-120(-140) × (15-)25-60 mm, base acute, cuneate, attenuate-rounded, or obtuse, margins entire to irregularly toothed or moderately, sinuately lobed, flat, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, apex broadly rounded, rarely attenuately narrowed or obscurely 3-lobed; surfaces abaxially silvery or dull green, with scattered to crowded, minute, appressed-stellate, 8-10-rayed hairs, or glabrate or glabrous, especially in shade forms, adaxially green or dull green, glabrous. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 1-7 mm; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 2-8 mm deep × 8-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/8-1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin, scales closely appressed, grayish with reddish margins, ovate, flat, obtuse, not tuberculate; nut light brown, depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-15 × 7-12(-17) mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color color: brown
color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
shape: attenuate-orbicular
shape: obtuse
leaf count low: 3
leaf hair color color: green
color: green
leaf lobe count low: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: toothed
leaf margin shape margin_shape: dentate
leaf ray count low: 8, high: 10
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: rhomboid
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_min: 25, length_low: 30, length_high: 120, length_max: 140, width_min: 15, width_low: 25, width_high: 60, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: silver
color: green
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
peduncle base shape shape: orbicular
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle margin color color: red
peduncle margin shape shape: ovate
peduncle scales color color: gray
peduncle shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: obtuse
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
peduncle size length_low: 1, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 7, width_high: 12, width_max: 17, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_max: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size length_low: 15, length_max: 20, length_units: m
twig color color: gray
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_max: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus sinuata var. breviloba Shrubs or trees , rarely small, usually moderate, (0.5-)1-3(-5) m, often clonal with multiple trunks. Leaves: petiole 2-3 mm. Leaf blade (25-)30-60(-100) × (15-)20-40(-60) mm. Acorns: cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, to 3-8 mm deep × 8-12 mm wide, enclosing 1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin; nut depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-12(-15) × 7-10 mm, glabrous.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf size length_min: 25, length_low: 30, length_high: 60, length_max: 100, width_min: 15, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_max: 60, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
plant base shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.0, length_max: 5.0, length_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_max: 15, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus sinuata var. sinuata Trees , to 15(-20) m, with solitary trunks. Leaves: petiole (2-)3-5(-8) mm. Leaf blade 50-120(-140) × (20-)25-60 mm. Acorns: cup very shallowly saucer-shaped and flat abaxially and adaxially to shallowly cup-shaped with constricted bases, 2-5 mm deep × (9-)10-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/4 nut or less; nut subrotund to ovoid or elliptic, 12-15(-18) × 8-12(-17) mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 120, length_max: 140, width_min: 20, width_low: 25, width_high: 60, width_units: mm
petiole size length_min: 2, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_max: 8, length_units: mm
plant base size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
plant size length_low: 15, length_max: 20, length_units: m
length_low: 12, length_high: 15, length_max: 18, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_max: 17, width_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus stellata Trees , deciduous, to 20(-30) m. Bark light gray, scaly. Twigs yellowish or grayish, (2-)3-5 mm diam., densely stellate-pubescent. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, to 4 mm, apex obtuse or acute, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 3-15(-30) mm. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate, elliptic or obtriangular, 40-150(-200) × 20-100(-120) mm, rather stiff and hard, base rounded-attenuate to cordate, sometimes cuneate, margins shallowly to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or spatulate, usually distal 2 lobes divergent at right angles to midrib in cruciform pattern, secondary veins 3-5 on each side, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially yellowish green, with crowded yellowish glandular hairs and scattered minute, 6-8-rayed, appressed or semi-appressed stellate hairs, not velvety to touch, adaxially dark or yellowish green, dull or glossy, sparsely stellate, often somewhat sandpapery with harsh hairs. Acorns 1-3, subsessile or on peduncle to 6(-40) mm; cup deeply saucer-shaped, proximally rounded or constricted, 7-12(-18) mm deep × (7-)10-15(-25) mm wide, enclosing 1/4-2/3 nut, scales tightly appressed, finely grayish pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or globose, 10-20 × 8-12(-20) mm, glabrous or finely puberulent. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_high: 4, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: orbicular-attenuate
shape: cordate
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: yellow-green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf lobe count low: 2
leaf lobe shape shape: orbicular
shape: spatulate
shape: cruciform
leaf ray count low: 6, high: 8
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obtriangular
leaf size length_low: 40, length_high: 150, length_max: 200, width_low: 20, width_high: 100, width_max: 120, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: yellow-green
color: yellow
leaf vein count low: 3, high: 5
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 15, length_max: 30, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant scales color color: gray
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: orbicular
shape: ovoid
shape: spheric
plant size length_low: 20, length_max: 30, length_units: m
length_low: 6, length_max: 40, length_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_max: 18, length_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_max: 20, width_units: mm
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_min: 2, diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus tardifolia Trees , evergreen. Bark gray, furrowed. Twigs dark reddish brown, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., densely pubescent. Terminal buds brown or reddish brown, ellipsoid or ovoid, 3.5-5.5 mm, apex hairy, scales with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 10-20 mm, pubescent or glabrate. Leaf blade broadly elliptic or obovate, widest at or distal to middle, planar, 50-100 × 20-70 mm, base cordate or occasionally rounded, margins with 3-4 lobes with shallow sinuses, 6-12 awns, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially conspicuously tomentose, primary and secondary veins raised, adaxially somewhat rugose, glabrate. Acorns biennial, immature acorns in pairs, mature acorns not known.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud margin margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3.5, length_high: 5.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf lobe count low: 3, high: 4
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf sinus count low: 6, high: 12
leaf size length_low: 50, length_high: 100, width_low: 20, width_high: 70, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus texana Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. Twigs red-brown to gray, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud color location: terminal, color: gray
location: terminal, color: gray-brown
bud scales margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 9, high: 24
leaf lobe count low: 6, high: 11
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
shape: falcate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 75, length_high: 200, width_low: 55, width_high: 130, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 20, length_high: 50, length_units: mm
plant base size length_low: 10, length_high: 16, length_units: mm, width_low: 15, width_high: 22, width_units: mm
plant color color: orange
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 15, length_high: 26, width_low: 13, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 13, length_units: mm
plant surface shape shape: acute
twig color color: red-brown
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_max: 3.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus tomentella Trees , to 20 m. Twigs branching at 45° angles, reddish brown, 3-4 mm diam., somewhat rigid, densely tomentose, persistent into 2d year. Terminal buds conic, 7-10 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 3-10 mm, rusty-villous, flattened adaxially. Leaf blade wavy or distinctly concave, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, (30-)70-10(-120) × 25-40 mm, leathery and brittle, base obtuse to cordate, secondary veins 8-10(-12) pairs, branching at 45-50° angles, strongly pinnate, raised abaxially, often sunken adaxially, margins often strongly revolute, with slightly thickened cell walls, entire or crenate to dentate with mucronate teeth, apex rounded or acute, mucronate; surfaces abaxially densely tomentose with whitish nonglandular hairs, midrib pilose, adaxially glossy dark green, sparsely pubescent. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup shallowly cup-shaped, 4-8 mm deep × 15-30 mm wide, scales laterally connate, appressed, deeply imbedded in tomentum, with only thin, brown, elongated apices visible, tuberculate, densely whitish brown tomentose throughout; nut ovoid, 20-30 × 15-20 mm, apex rounded.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud margin margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud scales color location: terminal, color: brown
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: cordate
leaf hair color color: green
leaf shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: mucronate
leaf size length_min: 30, length_low: 70, length_high: 10, length_max: 120, width_low: 25, width_high: 40, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10, max: 12, group: pairs
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: red-brown
plant count low: 45
low: 2
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: branching
habit: branching
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
margin_shape: dentate
plant margin shape shape: revolute
plant scales color color: brown
color: white-brown
plant scales shape shape: connate
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 20, length_high: 30, width_low: 15, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
plant vein count low: 45, high: 50
plant vein shape shape: pinnate
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus toumeyi Shrubs or small trees , deciduous or subevergreen. Bark dark gray to almost black, scaly. Twigs brownish, 1-2 mm, usually persistently pubescent. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, ca. 1 mm. Leaves: petiole 2-3.5 mm. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, 15-25(-30) × (6-)8-12(-15) mm, base obtuse or cuneate, rarely subcordate, margins strongly cartilaginous, entire, sometimes sparsely mucronate-dentate toward apex, secondary veins 7-8 on each side, apex acute, sometimes rounded; surfaces abaxially dull gray, microscopically pubescent with long, soft, white or yellow hairs concentrated in tufts along midvein and base, adaxially glossy green, sparsely minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate. Acorns solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle 2 mm; cup cup-shaped, 6 mm deep × ca. 8-9 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/3 nut, scales moderately tuberculate; nut light brown, narrowly ovoid or elliptic, 8-15 × 6-8 mm. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: black
bud color color: red-brown
bud shape shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf base color color: green
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: cuneate
shape: subcordate
shape: stellate
leaf hair color color: white
color: yellow
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: mucronate-dentate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, length_max: 30, width_min: 6, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_max: 15, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: gray
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: elliptic
plant size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
length_low: 6, length_units: mm
width_low: 8, width_high: 9, width_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 6, width_high: 8, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
twig size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus turbinella Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or subevergreen, to 4 m. Bark light gray or brown, scaly. Twigs brown to gray, 1-3 mm diam., usually tomentulose, sometimes glabrous, becoming glabrate. Buds brown, round to ovoid, 1-2 mm, minutely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1-4 mm. Leaf blade elliptic or ovate, (1.5-)20-30 × (5-)10-15(-20) mm, thick, leathery, base cordate or rounded, margins planar or slightly crisped-undulate, coarsely 3-5-toothed or very shallowly lobed on each side, teeth spinose with spines 1-1.5 mm, secondary veins 4-8 on each side, apex acute or obtuse; surfaces abaxially yellow or reddish, usually glaucous, minutely stellate-puberulent, adaxially grayish, glaucous, or yellowish glandular, glabrous or sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent. Acorns solitary or several, on axillary peduncle 10-40 mm; cup hemispheric or shallowly cup-shaped, 4-6 mm deep × 8-12 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/2 nut, scales tightly appressed, ovate, moderately tuberculate, grayish or yellowish puberulent; nut light brown, ovoid, to 20 × 11 mm, minutely puberulent or glabrate. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray
color: brown
bud color color: brown
bud shape shape: orbicular
shape: ovoid
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cordate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 1.5, length_low: 20.0, length_high: 30.0, width_min: 5, width_low: 10, width_high: 15, width_max: 20, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf surface color color: yellow
color: red
color: glaucous
color: gray
color: glaucous
color: yellow
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf tooth count low: 3, high: 5
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 8
peduncle color color: brown
peduncle scales color color: gray
color: yellow
peduncle scales shape shape: ovate
peduncle shape shape: hemispheric
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
peduncle size length_low: 10, length_high: 40, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
length_low: 20, width_low: 11, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant size length_high: 4, length_units: m
twig color color: brown
color: gray
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus vaccinifolia Shrubs , low spreading to often prostrate, to 1.5 m. Twigs branching at 45° angles or less, reddish brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., flexible, glabrous to sparsely pubesent. Terminal buds conic, 2.5 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 5-8 mm, sparsely pubescent, flattened adaxially. Leaf blade oblong-ovate, 10-35 × 7-15 mm, flat, thin, leathery, base slightly rounded to acute, secondary veins inconspicuous, 6-8 pairs, branching at 45-60° angles, with weakly thickened cell walls, margins entire or indistinctly and irregularly mucronately toothed, apex acute or rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially whitish green with waxy layer, glabrous or slightly pubescent with stellate hairs, adaxially dull gray-green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with stellate hairs. Acorns solitary or rarely paired; cup shallowly saucer-shaped to slightly turbinate, 3-4 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, scales appressed, slightly embedded, moderately silvery brown-pubescent; nut ovoid, 8-17 × 5-10 mm, apex acute; nut scar to 3 mm diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud margin margin shape location: terminal, margin_shape: ciliate
bud scales color location: terminal, color: brown
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 2.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf color color: gray-green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape margin_shape: toothed
leaf shape shape: oblong-ovate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 35, width_low: 7, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white-green
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8, group: pairs
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant color color: red-brown
plant count low: 45
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: prostrate
habit: branching
habit: branching
plant scales color color: silver-brown
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: turbinate
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 1.5, length_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 17, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 45, high: 60
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus vaseyana Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark dark brown, furrowed and exfoliating in long strips. Twigs reddish or grayish brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., short stellate-tomentose or tomentulose, later glabrate or persistently pubescent, rarely glabrous. Buds dark red-brown or gray, round-ovoid, 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves: petiole to 5 mm. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to usually oblong, mostly planar or slightly convex, 20-60(-90) × 10-20 mm, often rather leathery, base cuneate to rounded, margins coarsely 3-5-toothed on each side or shallowly lobed or entire, with teeth or lobes acute or obtuse, mucronate-tipped, secondary veins 4-6 on each side, usually branched, apex acute, rarely obtuse; surfaces abaxially densely stellate with minute appressed hairs, rarely glabrate and lustrous green, adaxially dark green, lustrous, glabrous or very sparsely stellate-puberulent. Acorns subsessile or on peduncle 2-3 mm; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-4 mm deep × 10 mm wide, margin thin, scales reddish brown, strongly, regularly tuberculate; nut light brown, ovoid to oblong or subcylindric, to 12 × 12 mm, glabrous. Cotyledons distinct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
bud apex shape shape: obtuse
bud color color: red-brown
color: gray
bud shape shape: orbicular-ovoid
bud size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf hair color color: green
color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf lobe shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: convex
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 60, length_max: 90, width_low: 10, width_high: 20, width_units: mm
leaf surface shape shape: stellate
leaf tooth count low: 3, high: 5
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 6
petiole size length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant scales color color: red-brown
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
shape: cylindrical
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 12, width_low: 12, width_units: mm
twig color color: red
color: gray-brown
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus velutina Trees , deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown to black, deeply furrowed, ridges often broken into irregular blocks, inner bark yellow or orange. Twigs dark reddish brown, (1.5-)2.5-4.5(-5) mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds ovoid or ellipsoid to subconic, 6-12 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny- or gray-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 25-70 mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade ovate to obovate, (80-)100-300 × 80-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, inequilateral, margins with 5-9 lobes and 15-50 awns, lobes oblong or distally expanded, separated by deep sinuses, apex acute to obtuse; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous except for small axillary tufts of tomentum or with scattered pubescence, especially along veins, adaxially glossy, dark green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. Acorns biennial; cup cup-shaped or turbinate, 7-14 mm high × 12-22 mm wide, covering 1/2 nut, cup margins not involute, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute to acuminate; nut subglobose to ovoid, 10-20 × 10-18 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5.5-12 mm. n = 12 ± 1; 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: brown
color: black
color: yellow
color: orange
bark shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
bud color location: terminal, color: gray
bud count location: terminal, low: 5
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 6, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: truncate
leaf count low: 15, high: 50
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 9
leaf lobe shape shape: oblong
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 80, length_low: 100, length_high: 300, width_low: 80, width_high: 150, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: green
leaf vein color color: green
petiole size length_low: 25, length_high: 70, length_units: mm
plant count low: 12
low: 1
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: involute
plant margin shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: turbinate
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 25, length_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 14, length_units: mm, width_low: 12, width_high: 22, width_units: mm
length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 10, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 5.5, length_high: 12.0, length_units: mm
twig color color: red-brown
twig size diameter_min: 1.5, diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_max: 5.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus viminea Trees , evergreen or drought-deciduous, to 10 m. Twigs brown to dark reddish brown, 2-3 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds brown to reddish brown, acutely ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm, pubescent. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, widest at or proximal to middle, 35-60[-150] × 7-10 mm, base usually rounded or obtuse, often oblique, occasionally somewhat cordate, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with prominent tufts of tomentum near base of blade, adaxially glabrous or with pubescence along midrib and scattered on blade. Acorns (not known within our range) biennial; cup cup-shaped, 5-8 mm high × 8-10 mm wide, covering ca. 1/3 nut, inner surface pubescent, scales with appressed, obtuse tips; nut ovoid, 9-15 × 7-10 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: oblique
shape: cordate
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: acuminate
leaf size length_low: 35, length_high: 60, length_max: 150, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: obtuse
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 10, length_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 8, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 9, length_high: 15, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus virginiana Trees, sometimes shrubs , subevergreen, trees to 35 m, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous. Bark dark brown or black, scaly. Twigs yellowish to light gray, 1-3 mm diam., minutely puberulent or stellate-pubescent, glabrate in 2d year. Buds reddish or dark brown, subglobose or ovate, 1-2 mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 1-10(-20) mm. Leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes orbiculate or lance-ovate, ± planar, (10-)35-90(-150) × (15-)20-40(-85) mm, base cuneate to rounded, rarely truncate or cordate, margins minutely revolute or flat, entire or irregularly 1-3-toothed on each side, teeth mucronate, secondary veins obscure, 6-9(-12) on each side, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. Acorns 1-3, on peduncle (3-)10-20 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 8-15 mm wide, base often constricted; scales whitish or grayish, proximally thickened, keeled, tomentulose, tips reddish, acute-attenuate, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, barrel-shaped, ovoid, or obcylindric, 15-20(-25) × 8-15 mm, apex rounded or blunt, glabrous. Cotyledons connate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: brown
color: black
bud color color: red
color: brown
bud shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovate
bud size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
cotyledon shape shape: connate
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse-orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
shape: cordate
leaf color color: green
color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: orbicular
shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 10, length_low: 35, length_high: 90, length_max: 150, width_min: 15, width_low: 20, width_high: 40, width_max: 85, width_units: mm
leaf surface color color: white
color: glaucous
leaf tooth count low: 1, high: 3
leaf tooth shape shape: mucronate
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9, max: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 10, length_max: 20, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant scales color color: white
color: gray
color: tips-red
plant scales shape shape: keeled
shape: acute-attenuate
plant shape shape: hemispheric
shape: ovoid
plant size length_high: 35, length_units: m
length_min: 3, length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_max: 25, width_low: 8, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
twig color color: yellow
color: gray
twig count low: 2
twig shape shape: stellate
twig size diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of North America)
Quercus wislizenii Trees or shrubs , evergreen, to 22 m. Bark nearly black, deeply furrowed with broad scaly ridges. Twigs brown to red-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut brown to dark reddish brown, ovoid to conic, 3-9 mm, glabrous or with tuft of minute hairs at apex. Leaves: petiole 3-20 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade circular to oblong, usually ovate, planar, 25-70 × 20-50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins entire or spinose with up to 16 awns, apex acute to rounded; surfaces abaxially and adaxially glabrous, veins little raised on either surface. Acorns biennial; cup deeply and narrowly cup-shaped or U-shaped, 9-19 mm high × 7-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2(-2/3) nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface glabrous or pubescent on innermost 1/3, occasionally uniformly pubescent, scales acute, tips loose; nut narrowly conic or ovoid to narrowly oblong, 21-44 × 8-14 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 2.5-7.5 mm. 2 n = 24.
Trait Label Trait Data
2n count low: 24
bark color color: black
bud color location: terminal, color: brown
location: terminal, color: red-brown
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
bud size location: terminal, length_low: 3, length_high: 9, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: obtuse
shape: cordate
leaf count low: 16
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 25, length_high: 70, width_low: 20, width_high: 50, width_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 20, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant plant duration plant_duration: biennial
plant scales shape shape: acute
plant shape shape: cup-shaped
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong
plant size length_high: 22, length_units: m
length_low: 9, length_high: 19, length_units: mm, width_low: 7, width_high: 18, width_units: mm
length_low: 21, length_high: 44, width_low: 8, width_high: 14, width_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.5, length_units: mm
twig color color: brown
color: red-brown
twig size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanea Trees or rarely shrubs, deciduous. Bark furrowed. Axillary buds of most apical leaves in false-terminal buds, usually enclosed by 2 outer scales, imbricate within. Leaves spirally arranged but twisted and appearing 2-ranked; secondary veins ± parallel. Male inflorescences erect catkins; flowers in clusters of 1-3(-5) with each cluster subtended by a bract; perianth 6-parted; stamens 10-12(-20); rudimentary pistil pubescent. Female flowers borne on proximal part of androgynous inflorescences, rarely on a separate inflorescence, usually 3 and subtended by 1 symmetric cupule; ovary 6-9-loculed; styles 6-9; stigmas terminal, minutely punctiform. Cupules splitting into 2-4 valves; bracts spinelike. Nuts 1-3 per cupule. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
flower count low: 1, high: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence count low: 3
inflorescence shape shape: symmetric
leaf ranked count low: 2
leaf shape shape: twisted
ovary count low: 6, high: 9
perianth count low: 6
plant count low: 2, high: 4
low: 1, high: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
stamen count low: 10, high: 12, max: 20
style count low: 6, high: 9
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanea crenata Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. Petiole 0.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8-19 cm, abaxially tomentose and covered with yellowish brown to yellowish gray scalelike glands, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or rarely subcordate, margin finely serrate, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins ending on teeth and often reduced to long bristlelike points. Male inflorescences 7-20 cm. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule 5-6 cm in diam., covered with spinelike bracts 1-1.5 cm. Nuts 2 or 3 or rarely more per cupule, 2-3 cm in diam., apex sparsely covered with appressed pubescence. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
flower count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 7, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 19, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanea henryi Trees to 30 m tall. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10-23 cm, abaxially covered with yellowish brown scalelike glands and sparsely pilose along veins when young, glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate but narrowly cuneate when young, margin with bristlelike teeth 2-4 mm, apex long acuminate. Male inflorescences 5-16 cm. Female flowers 1(-3) per cupule. Cupules on a short spike, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam. including bracts, covered with slightly pubescent spinelike bracts. Nut 1 per cupule, globose-ovoid, 1.5-2 cm, longer than wide. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
flower count sex: female, low: 1, max: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf shape shape: oblong-ovate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 23, length_units: cm
leaf tooth size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric-ovoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanea mollissima Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets with short pubescence, often also with long spreading hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 10-17 cm or rarely shorter, at least along veins abaxially tomentose to softly pubescent, adaxially scalelike glands sometimes absent, base rounded to truncate, margin coarsely serrate, apex acute to acuminate. Male inflorescences 10-20 cm. Cupule densely covered with pubescent spinelike bracts. Nuts usually 2 or 3 per cupule, 2-3 cm in diam. or rarely narrower. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: truncate
leaf gland count min: 0
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic-oblong
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 17, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanea seguinii Trees or shrubs small, rarely to 12 m tall. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 0.7-1.5 cm, deciduous in fruit. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblong, 6-14 cm, abaxially covered with yellowish brown or grayish, scalelike glands and sparsely hairy along veins when young, base rounded to sometimes subcordate but cuneate when young, margin coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Male inflorescences 5-12 cm. Female flowers solitary or few per cupule. Cupule 3-5 cm in diam., covered with sparsely pilose spinelike bracts 6-10 mm. Nuts 2 or 3 or rarely more per cupule, 1.5-2 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-obovate
shape: elliptic-oblong
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
stipule duration duration: deciduous
stipule shape shape: lanceolate
stipule size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis Trees evergreen. Winter buds ovoid to ellipsoid, with decussate scales. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves alternate, distichous, or for a few species spirally arranged. Inflorescences usually unisexual, erect, spicate or paniculate. Male flowers in fascicles of 3-7, rarely solitary and scattered; perianth 5- or 6(-8)-lobed; stamens (8 or)9-12; rudimentary pistil very small, densely covered with curved woolly hairs. Female flowers solitary or in clusters of 3-5(-7) per cupule; staminodes when present opposite perianth lobes; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas punctiform or shallow terminal pores. Cupules solitary on rachis, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, rarely indehiscent, completely or partially enclosing nut; bracts sparsely to densely covering outside of cupule, spinelike or rarely scalelike or tubercles (cupule measurement always includes bracts). Nuts 1-3 per cupule, maturing after 2nd year or rarely in 1st year; abortive ovule apical. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons slightly convex, rarely cerebriform rugose.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 1, high: 3
low: 2
low: 1
bud shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
cotyledon shape shape: convex
flower count sex: male, low: 3, high: 7
sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, max: 7, group: cluster
ovary count low: 3
perianth lobe count low: 5, high: 6, max: 8
pistil shape shape: curved
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant rachis shape shape: radially symmetric
shape: bilaterally symmetric
plant reproduction reproduction: unisexual
stamen count min: 8, low: 9, high: 12
style count min: 2, low: 3, max: 4
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis amabilis Trees ca. 20 m tall; branches and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 7-12 × 2-3.5 cm, firmly papery, abaxially with tight layers of yellowish brown scalelike trichomes when young, often grayish with age, base broadly cuneate and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire or with 1-3 shallow teeth, apex caudate; midvein adaxially shallowly impressed or occasionally flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 26 cm. Infructescence rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 2.2-2.8 cm in diam., outside grayish pubescent or with yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, dispersed or subannular. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 7-10 mm in diam. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 26, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.2, diameter_high: 2.8, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis argyrophylla Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Shoots blackish brown when dry. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or sometimes obovate, 10-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially often grayish, adaxially yellow-green when dry, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 10-25 cm; rachis covered with pale grayish brown, feltlike, short hairs, glabrescent. Cupule globose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., puberulent when young, outside glabrescent, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, arranged in discontinuous rings or spirals, 2-6 mm, free or base slightly connate. Nut 1(-3) per cupule, subglobose, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., densely puberulent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
infructescences rachis color color: gray-brown
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: gray
color: yellow-green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: black-brown
plant count low: 1, max: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis boisii Trees ca. 25 m tall; branchlets, petiole of young leaves, and mature leaf blades abaxially pubescent and with usually glabrescent yellowish brown to reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, or narrowly oblong, 9-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, base rounded to shortly cuneate and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire or rarely from middle to apex shallowly undulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed or sometimes slightly raised or flat from base to middle; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein. Infructescence 27 cm; rachis from base to middle 2-3.5 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., outside and bracts pubescent and with usually glabrescent yellowish brown to reddish brown small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 0.5-1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 8-10 mm, greatly variable in thickness, base connate into scattered bundles. Nut 1(or 2) per cupule, broadly ovoid, 1.2-1.4 × 0.9-1.2 cm, puberulent; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
bract size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
infructescence base size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 27, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1, max: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis calathiformis Trees 5-10(-20) m tall. First-year branchlets black, dark black-brown, or dusky when dry, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, very variable in size, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, covered with brown-red slightly adnate small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes when young, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Female inflorescences usually borne more toward apex of branches and if axillary then solitary, 8-16 cm. Infructescences 10-20 cm. Cupules yellowish brown to dark grayish brown when dry, cupular, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 cm thick; bracts scalelike, triangular, annular or sometimes imbricate when young, thickened with age, adnate, arranged in 4-7 rib rings, waxy. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm × 3-6 mm, apically brown-red tomentose; scar basal, 3-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 7
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: black
color: black-brown
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf base margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: crenate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
color: brown-red
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 20, high: 28
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
color: gray-brown
color: brown-red
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 10, height_max: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis carlesii Trees ca. 20 m tall; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences sparsely covered with reddish brown, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole to ca. 1 cm, base becoming thick, pillow-shaped; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 4-12 × 1-4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with layers of reddish brown to yellowish brown, slightly adnate, small, lamellate scalelike trichomes when young but grayish brown to silvery with age, base slightly cuneate to broadly so and oblique, margin entire or with a few shallow teeth, apex acuminate to narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed but impressed when dry; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins glabrous or glabrescent. Infructescence rachis 2-3 mm thick, glabrous. Cupule subglobose to ovoid, 1-1.5 cm, outside yellowish brown to reddish brown feltlike pubescent and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 0.5(-1) mm thick; bracts spinelike or reduced to tubercles. Nut subglobose to broadly conical, apex shortly pointed; scar basal, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray-brown
color: silver
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 12, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 13
petiole size length_high: 1, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant rachis color color: red-brown
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_max: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis carlesii var. carlesii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis carlesii var. spinulosa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis ceratacantha Trees 8-15 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown to brownish villous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or sometimes oblanceolate, 10-18 × 2-5 cm or rarely shorter or wider, papery, 1st-year leaf blades at least along veins abaxially villous and with layers of reddish brown to yellowish brown scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to acute and oblique, margin apically with 2-5 shallow teeth or entire, apex long acuminate to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed to raised. Female inflorescences in clusters on apical part of branchlet of previous year; flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose, ca. 3 cm in diam., outside and bracts brown villous and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, to 5 mm, several connate into bundles from middle or apical part, sometimes cristate. Nuts 1 or 2(or 3) per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.4-1.8 cm, pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. autumn to early winter of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: brown
bract shape shape: connate
bract size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_high: 5, length_units: mm
branch rachis color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
flower count low: 2, high: 3
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 5
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
low: 1, high: 2, max: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis cerebrina Trees; young branchlets and leaf blades reddish brown, densely puberulent with simple and stellate hairs and covered with slightly loose, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branchlets red-purple, prominently angular. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Rachis of female inflorescences sparsely puberulent and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes. Cupule cupular, 1.8-2.2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, base stipitate, stipe 5-8 mm, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts mound-shaped, arranged in disconnected rings, sparsely puberulent, covered with waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut narrowly conical, 2-2.5 × 1.4-2.2 cm, tomentulose, apex sometimes 3-angled; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: red-purple
branch shape shape: angular
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf base margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: crenate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 20, high: 28
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex count low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
plant stipe size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis chinensis Trees 10-20 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to rarely ovate, 7-18 × 2-5 cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, concolorous, base rounded to acute, margin at least from middle to apex serrate, apex caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences borne on apical part of 1st-year branchlets; flowers 1 per cupule. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule globose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., usually splitting into 3-5 segments, outside densely grayish brown puberulent when young but glabrescent, inside densely brown villous, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, almost entirely covering outside cupule, 6-12 mm, connate into bundles from base to nearly middle. Nut conical, 1.2-1.6 × 1-1.3 cm, glabrous or rarely puberulent from middle to apex; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
flower count low: 1
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 18, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: brown
plant count low: 3, high: 5
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis choboensis Trees. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 8-15 × 3-5 cm or rarely larger, thickly papery, base acute to cuneate and often oblique, margin serrate-dentate, apex mucronate to caudate; midvein slightly impressed; secondary veins 16-20 on each side of midvein, adaxially shallowly furrowed and impressed or slightly raised. Inflorescence rachis sparsely and shortly hairy. Infructescences 8-18 cm. Cupule wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, free or base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate-dentate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis chunii Trees 10-15 m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Young shoots dark purplish brown, angulate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 8-18 × 4-9 cm, thickly leathery, base rounded and oblique, margin entire or rarely with 1-3 shallow teeth apically, apex caudate and bent; midvein adaxially impressed to flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences sometimes androgynous, ca. 20 cm. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose and with 1 or 2 nuts or broadly ellipsoid and with 3 nuts, 3-4 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-7 mm, yellowish brown pubescent, basally connate into bundles, often a few bundles connected to cristate rings. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.7-2 cm, densely brown pubescent; scar covering ca. 2/5 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size length_low: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: purple-brown
color: brown
plant count low: 1, high: 2
low: 3
low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: angulate
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis clarkei Trees; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences densely puberulent. Winter bud scales velutinous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-20 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, base acute and inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex mucronate; midvein abaxially conspicuously raised, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 14-20. Female inflorescences ca. 20 cm. Infructescence rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3.5-4(-5) cm in diam., wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, 3- or 4-angled in cross section, free or base connate into bundles, nearly glabrous. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.4-1.6 cm, apex cuspidate; scar basal. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract count low: 3, high: 4
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size diameter_low: 3.5, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_max: 5.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis concinna Trees; young shoots and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown to reddish brown puberulent and with early glabrescent, very thick, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole ca. 4-12 mm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-orbicular, or sometimes oblanceolate, 5-10 × 1.5-3.5(-5) cm, leathery, brittle, margin and midvein pilose when young, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and usually symmetric but sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin entire or apically sparsely serrulate, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially prominently impressed; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm. Infructescences 4-8 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule globose, 5-6 cm in diam., splitting into 4 regular segments, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-2 cm, puberulent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, ca. 1 × 1.4 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 but no more than 1/2 of nut. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-orbicular
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_max: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
plant count low: 4
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant rachis color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
plant size diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1, width_low: 1.4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis crassifolia Trees ca. 15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Branchlets brownish black when dry, covered with a thin grayish waxy layer. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade broadly ovate, (6-)12-18 × (4-)8-11 cm, leathery, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex mucronate and oblique; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins glabrous. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule ca. 3.5 cm in diam., outside pubescent, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, densely covering cupules, 6-8 mm, transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings. Nuts 3 per cupule, broadly ovoid, ca. 1.2 × 1.2-1.4 cm, pubescent; scar basal, round to slightly elliptic, 5-7 mm in diam. to 5-7 × 7-10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
branch color color: brown-black
color: gray
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: oblique
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
leaf size length_min: 6, length_low: 12, length_high: 18, width_min: 4, width_low: 8, width_high: 11, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant count low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: orbicular
shape: elliptic
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 7, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis damingshanensis Trees 5-9 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 3-6 mm; leaf blade ovate to broadly elliptic, 5-8 × 2.5-4 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially sparsely covered with a thin layer of small, yellowish, lamellate scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and subconvolute, apex obtuse, rounded, or mucronate; midvein adaxially flat but slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein. Infructescences few fruited, glabrous; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule broadly ovoid, 2-2.5 cm in diam., outside and bracts puberulent and with scalelike trichomes, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, basal bracts with a few connected to cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., brownish pubescent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 9, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis delavayi Trees ca. 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, ovate, or elliptic, 5-13 × 3-7 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely covered with yellowish brown membranous trichomes when young, grayish to silver-gray with age, base acute to rounded, margin serrate or rarely undulate, apex acute to rounded; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, slightly raised. Female inflorescence rachis glabrous. Infructescences 10-15 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid when young but broadly ovoid to subglobose with age, 1.5-2 cm in diam. or slightly larger, splitting into 2 or 3 segments, outside with yellowish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes and adnate pubescence, basally long stalked, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free or connate at base and transversely united to 3-5 circular or spiral rings, covered with yellowish brown waxy scalelike trichomes and adnate pubescence. Nut broadly ovoid, 1.3-1.4 cm in diam.; scar basal, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: yellow-brown
bract count low: 3, high: 5
bract shape shape: orbicular
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
color: silver-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 13, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis densispinosa Trees ca. 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, densely lenticellate; lenticels small, grayish. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 13-18 × 3.5-6 cm, green on both surfaces, glabrous, margin coarsely dentate but entire on leaves borne apically on branchlet; midvein abaxially raised and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences to 18 cm. Cupule 2-3 cm in diam., splitting into 3 segments, inside densely grayish villous, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, densely covering outside of cupule, ca. 1 cm, free but basal bracts in bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ovoid, 1-1.4 × ca. 1 cm, sparsely brownish puberulent, apex obscurely 4- or 5-ridged. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
branch lenticel color color: gray
infructescences size length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 18, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex count low: 4, high: 5
plant color color: gray
color: brown
plant count low: 3
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis echinocarpa Trees 7-15(-25) m tall. Branches glabrous; branchlets dark brown to brownish black when dry. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, (5.5-)7-12.5(-14.5) × (1.5-)2.5-5(-6) cm, thickly papery, abaxially covered with a very tight layer of scalelike trichomes and reddish brown to yellowish brown when young but grayish brown with age, base rounded to sometimes acute, margin serrate to rarely subentire, apex acuminate to abruptly narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed to rarely nearly flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous or glabrescent. Infructescence rachis base 2-3.5 mm thick. Cupule globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., rarely splitting, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, thick, 1-3 mm, sometimes no more than tubercles, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, pale grayish brown pubescent, sometimes base loosely connected to discontinuous rings. Nut 1 per cupule, subglobose to conical, 1-1.3 cm in diam., glabrous, apex acute; scar basal, 8-9 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: polygonal
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
branch color color: brown
color: brown-black
infructescence base size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: acute
leaf size length_min: 5.5, length_low: 7.0, length_high: 12.5, length_max: 14.5, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 7, height_high: 15, height_max: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis eyrei Trees 8-20 m tall; branches glabrous. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 5-13 × 1.5-5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown to dark reddish brown when dry and with brownish to silver-gray, membranous scalelike trichomes, base slightly decurrent on petiole and inaequilateral or sometimes symmetric, margin entire or with few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex long acuminate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Infructescence rachis 2-5 mm thick, glabrous or glabrescent. Cupule broadly ovoid to subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., splitting into 2-4 segments, outside and bracts grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, apically acute to obtuse, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, usually entirely covering outside of cupule, more densely toward apex but if cupule subglobose then basally glabrous and spines sparser, 4-10 mm but apical ones shorter. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: subglobose
bract apex size length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
bract color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
bract shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
bract size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: symmetric
leaf color color: red-brown
color: red-brown
color: brown
color: silver-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 13, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis fabri Trees 8-20 m tall. Young shoots sparsely pubescent. Petiole rarely to 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, narrowly oblong, or lanceolate, 8-18 × 2.5-5 cm, leathery, base oblique and rounded to rarely cuneate, margin serrate or rarely entire, apex acuminate and rarely mucronate; midvein adaxially conspicuously impressed; secondary vein 9-15 on each side of midvein. Rachis of male catkins sparsely pubescent. Female flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Infructescences 8-17 cm. Cupule globose, broadly ellipsoid, or ovoid, 2-4 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 5-10 mm, brown to yellowish brown when dry, sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, base connate into bundles, apex branched. Nut (1 or)2(or 3) per cupule, conical, 1-1.4 × 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: brown
color: yellow-brown
bract size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 17, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: oblique
shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf count low: 9, high: 15
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
petiole size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count min: 1, low: 2, max: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis fargesii Trees 10-30 m tall; bud scales, young branchlets from middle to apex, petiole of young leaf blades, and leaf blades abaxially covered with glabrescent, rust-colored, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate, or rarely ovate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, abaxially covered with a thick and mealy layer of scalelike trichomes, reddish brown to yellowish brown when young, but tawny with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes inaequilateral, margin entire or sometimes with few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex acute to acuminate; midvein at least from middle to apex adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences solitary, glabrous, to 30 cm; cupules scattered on rachis. Infructescence rachis 1.5-3 mm thick. Cupule globose to broadly ovoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., splitting irregularly, outside and bracts whitish gray to brownish puberulent or with reddish brown waxy scalelike trichomes and sparse pubescence, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 8-10 mm, connate and in bundles basally or rarely from base to middle. Nut 1 per cupule, conical and 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.2 cm to subglobose and 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun and Aug-Oct, fr. Apr-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: white-gray
color: brown
color: red-brown
bract shape shape: connate
bract size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 30, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis ferox Trees 10-20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong, or rarely ovate, 8-16 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with a grayish tight layer of scalelike trichomes, rarely concolorous, base broadly cuneate to cuneate, inaequilateral or symmetric, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially slightly raised or from middle to apex flat to slightly impressed; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences tomentulose. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm. Perianth puberulent. Infructescence rachis glabrous. Cupule globose to rarely broadly ovoid, 2-2.8 cm in diam., outside and bracts brown to grayish brown pubescent and with waxy scalelike trichomes, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, base connate into bundles or united to discontinuous rings. Nut subglobose, 0.8-1.2 × 0.9-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex pointed; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: brown
color: gray-brown
bract size thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 16, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.8, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis fissa Trees; bud scales, shoot apexes, and young leaf blades abaxially yellowish brown puberulent and covered with rust-colored, small, lamellate, slightly adnate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Branchlets red-purple, prominently angular. Leaves spirally arranged, yellowish brown to gray; petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, very variable in sizes, often 15-25 × 5-9 cm, thickly papery, base cuneate, margin from base to middle undulate and crenate, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded; midvein raised adaxially; secondary veins 20-28 on each side of midvein or rarely fewer. Infructescence 8-18 cm; rachis glabrous. Cupule 1-1.5 cm in diameter, irregularly 2- or 3(or 4)-valved with valves often curled, covered with dark reddish brown mealy waxy scalelike trichomes, apex slightly cuspidate, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts scalelike, triangular to squarish, imbricate when young but mostly united and in ring ribs with age. Nut globose to elliptic, 1.3-1.8 × 1.1-1.6 cm, apically brown-red tomentose; scar basal, 4-7 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: red-purple
branch shape shape: angular
infructescence size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
leaf base margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: crenate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: gray
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 20, high: 28
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: red-brown
color: brown-red
plant count low: 2, high: 3, max: 4
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: elliptic
plant size diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis fleuryi Trees to 10 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, 9-20 × 3-7 cm, subleathery, abaxially with tight layers of trichomes, 1st-year leaf blades concolorous, base cuneate to rounded and sometimes oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised from base to middle and slightly impressed from middle to apex; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick, yellowish gray pubescent. Cupule ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, 7-11 mm in diam., outside sparsely covered with spinelike bracts and yellowish gray to grayish brown pubescence and waxy scalelike trichomes, basally shortly stalked, apically narrowly pointed, wall to 0.5 mm thick; bracts 1-3 mm, in rows, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, free or a few connected at base to continuous or discontinuous rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 8-12 × 7-10 mm, glabrescent when mature; scar basal, 6-8 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul or Oct-Nov, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-gray
color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: polygonal
bract size thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
infructescences rachis color color: yellow-gray
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf count low: 1
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 20, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 11, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 12, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis fordii Trees; bud scales, young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with brown to reddish brown, slightly rough long tomentum. Petiole 1-3(-5) mm, usually tapering toward apex; leaf blade oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate-oblong, 9-18 × 3-7 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown when young but grayish brown to grayish with age, base cordate, shallowly auriculate, or rarely rounded, margin entire and revolute, apex acute, mucronate, or rarely rounded; midvein adaxially prominently impressed; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein or fewer. Infructescences dense, 6-12 cm. Cupule 5-6 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) regular segments, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-2 cm, pubescent, base connate into many bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: mucronate
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cordate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: gray-brown
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: revolute
leaf rachis color color: brown
color: red-brown
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate-oblong
shape: auriculate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: mm
plant count low: 4, max: 5
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: radially symmetric
plant size diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis glabrifolia
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis globigemmata Trees. Branchlet black-brown when dry, densely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 8-10 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 10-15 × 3.5-5 cm, nearly leathery, pilose and with tight brown, waxy scalelike trichomes, abaxially when young and on both sides along midvein, base broadly cuneate to acute and inaequilateral, margin entire or with 1-3 shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex long acuminate to caudate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences sparsely puberulent and with brown, stellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Infructescences 5-7 cm; cupules clustered from middle to apex of rachis. Cupule globose, 6-7 cm in diam., splitting into 4 regular segments when mature, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 2-3.5 cm in diam., densely pubescent; scar basal. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch color color: black-brown
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant count low: 4
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant rachis color color: brown
plant rachis shape shape: stellate
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
plant size diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis hainanensis Trees; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades abaxially, rachis of inflorescences, and perianth covered with reddish brown, dusky, or grayish brown, very short, felted puberulence. Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or broadly ovate, 5-12(-17) × 2.5-5(-6) cm, thickly papery to nearly leathery, abaxially often grayish with age, base acute to broadly cuneate, margin serrate except basally entire, apex rounded to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed but often slightly raised on sprouted branch leaves; secondary veins 10-15(-18) on each side of midvein. Infructescences 10-17 cm; rachis 5-6 mm thick. Cupule 4-5 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, entirely covering cupule, to 1.5 cm, basally connate. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.6-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar exceeding base of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 17, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_max: 17, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15, max: 18
perianth color color: red-brown
color: gray-brown
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant size diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis hairocarpa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis hsiensiui
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis hupehensis Trees 10-20 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and bud scales glabrous. Petiole 3-7(-10) mm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, sometimes obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 6-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially brownish when young and dry but grayish with age and with tight layers of scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and often slightly oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex or entire, apex acuminate to abruptly narrowly caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous, without waxy scalelike trichomes. Infructescence rachis 1.5-3 mm thick. Cupule ellipsoid to subglobose when mature, 2-2.2 cm in diam., outside grayish to yellowish brown puberulent, basally often shortly stalked, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 4-6 mm, few of them connate into bundles, others transversely united to 4 or 5 cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, glabrescent; scar basal, 9-12 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jun-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 5
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 11, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_max: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray
color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 1
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 9, diameter_high: 12, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis hystrix Trees. Young shoots purple-brown, slender, sparsely to densely puberulent and with yellowish brown small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole ca. 1 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade lanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 4-9 × 1.5-4 cm or rarely smaller or larger, papery to thinly leathery, pubescent when young but early glabrescent, at least adaxially along midvein with very lax and thick or tight and thin, reddish brown to yellowish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, base sharply acute to rounded and inaequilateral, apex mucronate to caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Female inflorescence solitary in leaf axil. Infructescence ca. 15 cm. Cupule globose, 2.5-4 cm in diam., splitting into 4 segments, wall ca. 2.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, completely covering cupule, 6-10 mm, sparsely puberulent, base of some connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.3 cm, glabrous; scar basal. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 15, length_units: cm
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 9, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
plant base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
plant color color: purple-brown
color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 4
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
plant vein count low: 9, high: 15
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis indica Trees; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences yellowish brown puberulent. Petiole 5-10(-15) mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 9-20 × (4-)6-10 cm, thickly papery, abaxially puberulent or glabrescent, base cuneate to rounded and usually inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex mucronate to acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-25 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 40 cm. Infructescences dense, 10-27 cm. Cupule globose, 3.5-4 cm in diam., usually splitting into 4 segments when mature, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, to 1.5 cm, straight or bent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1(or 2) per cupule, broadly conical, 1-1.4 cm in diam., densely hairy; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 40, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 27, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf rachis color color: yellow-brown
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 20, width_min: 4, width_low: 6, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 25
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_max: 15, length_units: mm
plant count low: 4
low: 1, max: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size diameter_low: 3.5, diameter_high: 4.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis jianfenglingensis Trees ca. 20 m tall; branchlets and young leaf blades abaxially covered with simple or stellate hairs. Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm, very short when young; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or rarely broadly ovate, 12-24 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base broadly cuneate and often slightly inaequilateral, margin entire or rarely subcrenate from middle to apex, apex caudate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed or rarely flat to slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 5-15 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free but usually some in bundles. Nut ellipsoid, 1.2-2 cm, densely rust-colored pubescent; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 24, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis jucunda Trees 10-26 m tall; 1st-year branchlets and leaf blades adaxially brownish black when dry; bud scales, branchlets, petiole of young leaf, mature leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences sparsely covered with glabrescent, reddish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, (4-)10-18 × (2-)4-8 cm, base rounded to broadly cuneate and inaequilateral or symmetric, margin at least from middle to apex serrate or rarely undulate, apex acute to acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins (5-)8-11 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary, solitary. Infructescences 10-15 cm. Cupule subglobose, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., splitting into 3-5 segments, outside and bracts pubescent and with grayish brown, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes especially when young, wall 0.5-1(-1.5) mm thick; bracts spinelike, 6-10 mm, free but a few in bundles, sometimes transversely united to discontinuous rings. Nut broadly conical to ovoid, 1-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous or glabrescent; scar basal, 1-1.2(-1.5) cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_max: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: undulate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf color color: brown-black
leaf rachis color color: red-brown
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_min: 4, length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_min: 2, width_low: 4, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 5, low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
low: 3, high: 5
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 26, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_max: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis kawakamii Trees. Branches glabrous; young shoots dark reddish brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels dark gray. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 6-12 × 2-5 cm, dark reddish brown when young and remaining so abaxially, leathery with age, base broadly cuneate to rounded and inaequilateral, margin entire or rarely 1-3-toothed near apex, apex caudate; midvein adaxially slightly raised from base to middle but flat to slightly impressed from middle to apex; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, conspicuous. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm; rachis glabrous. Cupule globose, 6-8 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) segments when mature, inside densely dusky tomentulose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, connected to radial branched bundles in middle part of cupule or slightly basally, 2-3 cm, sparsely pubescent to nearly glabrous. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate, 1.2-1.5 × 1.7-2 cm, densely orangish brown puberulent; scar covering ca. 1/3(-1/2) of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
branch color color: red-brown
branch lenticel color color: gray
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf tooth count low: 1, high: 3
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
plant count low: 4, max: 5
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis kweichowensis Trees ca. 20 m tall; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely yellowish brown pilose. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, thick; leaf blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 16-30 × 5-9 cm, firmly papery, base rounded to broadly cuneate and symmetric or oblique, margin apically serrate, apex abruptly acute; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-25 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 10-25 cm; flowers 3 per cupule. Infructescence rachis 7-12 mm thick. Cupule irregularly globose, 3-3.5 cm in diam., outside pubescent, basally narrowed, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, basal bracts often transversely connected to ring but apically in bundles, 5-8 mm, pubescent. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.6-2 × 1.6-2.2 cm, tomentose; scar basal, 1-1.5 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size location: basal, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
flower count low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 12, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf rachis color color: yellow-brown
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 16, length_high: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 25
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis lamontii Trees 8-15(-25) m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 12-30 × 4-10 cm, thickly papery to subleathery, base rounded to acute and oblique, margin entire or sometimes apically with few shallow teeth, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary, borne above male catkins; flowers 3(-7) per cupule. Infructescences 10-20 cm; rachis thick, base 6-10 mm thick. Cupule globose, subglobose, or ovoid, 2.5-6 cm in diam., wall 1.5-7 mm thick; bracts spinelike, thick, ca. 1.5 cm, connate into bundles with a deer-hornlike pattern, or base connate and united to 4-6-cristate rings. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, (1.5-)2-2.8 (-4.8) × (1.5-)3(-3.8) cm, densely pubescent; scar covering 2/5-1/2 of nut. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract count low: 4, high: 6
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
flower count low: 3, max: 7
infructescences base size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 30, width_low: 4, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_max: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 6.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 7.0, thickness_units: mm
length_min: 1.5, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.8, length_max: 4.8, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 3.0, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis ledongensis Trees ca. 18 m tall; young shoots and rachis of male inflorescences pubescent, with reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, glabrescent. Branchlets dull brown to brownish black. Petiole ca. 1 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade oblong to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 5-9 × 2-3.5 cm, when young abaxially covered with slightly tight layers of reddish brown, small, lamellate scalelike trichomes and with sparsely but soon glabrescent pilose hairs along midvein, base acute and sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin somewhat crenate, apex mucronate to shortly caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Infructescence ca. 16 cm; rachis 1.5-2 mm thick, glabrous. Cupule subglobose, to ca. 2 cm in diam., splitting into 2 segments, basally abruptly narrowed and slightly decurrent to shortly stalked, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-5 mm or rarely longer, 3- or 4-angular in cross section, base wide and sometimes several transversely united in a cockscomblike pattern, puberulent and with brownish scalelike trichomes. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.2 cm in diam., apex sparsely puberulent; scar basal, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base color color: brown
bract shape shape: polygonal
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
branch color color: brown
color: brown-black
inflorescence color sex: male, color: red-brown
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 16, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 9, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 18, height_units: m
diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis longispina Trees. Young shoots purple-brown, slightly angulate, tufted puberulent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 14-24 × 5-8 cm, 1st-year leaf blades papery and abaxially covered with very small stellate cespitose hairs along midvein, base acute to rounded, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed. Infructescence rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, congested, almost completely covering cupule, 1.3-1.5 cm, stiff, free or a few in bundles, puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 2-3 × ca. 1 cm, glabrescent; scar ca. 8 mm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf count low: 1
leaf hair habit shape habit_shape: cespitose
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 14, length_high: 24, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: purple-brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: angulate
shape: ellipsoid
plant size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis longzhouica Trees; branchlets, leaf blades, and infructescences glabrous. Young shoots grayish, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish, slightly raised. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or sometimes obovate, 8-10 cm, firmly papery, slightly brittle, concolorous, abaxially with a thin layer of closely adherent grayish waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate, margin from middle to apex dentate to crenate, apex acute and slightly pointed; midvein abaxially prominently raised; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; flowers few, solitary along rachis. Infructescences almost as long as rachis, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 mm, covering base or no more than basal 1/4 of nut; bracts imbricate, adnate, broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, gray puberulent, margin slightly membranous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; scar basal, ca. 4 mm in diam. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
infructescences lenticel color color: gray
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: crenate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf color color: gray
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant base location location: basal
plant color color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant lenticel color color: gray
plant location location: basal
plant size length_low: 5, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis megaphylla Trees; bud scales, young shoots, and rachis of inflorescences grayish brown puberulent with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. First-year branchlets thick, black-brown when dry, lenticellate; lenticels yellowish brown. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, sometimes obovate-elliptic, 26-45 × 8-18 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially midvein and secondary veins stellate puberulent and with small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes when young, surface with a thick tight layer of lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes with age, buff when dry, base cuneate to rounded and often oblique, margin entire, apex obtuse to mucronate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-20 or more on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 28 cm; rachis densely tawny to dusky puberulent. Infructescence rachis 6-8 mm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., outside sparsely puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes, basally blackish brown, wall ca. 3 mm thick near base and ca. 1 mm thick near apex; bracts of young cupules spinelike, congested, yellowish brown when dry. Nut subglobose, 1 per cupule, ca. 1 cm in diam., pubescent when young. Fl. May-Jul, fr. following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
branch color color: black-brown
branch lenticel color color: yellow-brown
bud rachis color color: gray-brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 28, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 26, length_high: 45, width_low: 8, width_high: 18, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 20
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant base size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: black-brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
plant size diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis mekongensis Trees; young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely pubescent. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, broadly elliptic, or sometimes ovate, 15-25 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery to leathery, abaxially grayish, adaxially dark black-brown when young, grayish brown to yellowish gray when dry, puberulent on midvein, base rounded to acute and symmetric or inaequilateral, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially usually impressed; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein. Infructescence ca. 10 cm or rarely longer. Cupule globose, 5-6 cm in diam., wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, sparsely pubescent, base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate, 1.3-1.6 × 1.5-2 cm, densely pubescent; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: symmetric
leaf color color: gray
color: black-brown
color: gray-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis nigrescens Trees usually 8-15 m tall. First-year branchlets dull blackish brown, often sparsely and thinly grayish pruinose. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or rarely lanceolate, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, leathery, abaxially covered with yellowish brown, tightly adnate layers of waxy scalelike trichomes when young, but layers becoming grayish, sparser and thinner with age, adaxially blackish brown to brownish black when dry, base rounded and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate to mucronate; midvein at least from middle to apex adaxially slightly impressed or rarely flat; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, abaxially slightly raised. Rachis of inflorescences grayish puberulent, glabrescent. Infructescences 5-15 cm; rachis 5-7 mm thick, with cupules crowded from middle to apex. Cupule subglobose, 4-4.5 cm in diam., outside grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, inside brown long tomentose, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, very dense, 1-1.6 cm, grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, free or connate at base or to apical 1/2 and in bundles, usually united to cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid, ca. 2.5 cm, densely pubescent, apex acute; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, length_units: cm
branch color color: black-brown
color: gray
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
color: black-brown
color: brown-black
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acute
plant color color: gray
color: yellow-gray
color: brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant rachis color color: gray
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 4.0, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis oblonga Trees 8-10 m tall. First-year branchlets blackish brown when dry. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-9 × 2-3.5 cm, thickly papery, brittle when dry, puberulent along midvein and abaxially reddish brown and with a tight layer of scalelike trichomes when young, brownish gray with age, base broadly cuneate to acute and symmetric, margin somewhat crenate to dentate or entire, apex acuminate, caudate, or obtuse; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed but usually slightly raised from base to middle; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick. Cupule broadly obovoid, ca. 3 cm in diam., dark grayish brown when mature and dry, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior ± visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-7 mm, free and evenly scattered or connate at base into short rings, basally gray puberulent, apically yellowish brown and glabrous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.8 cm in diam., puberulent; scar basal, 0.8-1.4 cm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: gray
color: yellow-brown
bract size length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
branch color color: black-brown
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: brown-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: crenate
margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: acute
shape: symmetric
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 9, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: obovoid
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis oleifera
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis orthacantha Trees 10-15(-20) m tall; branches, leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2.5-5 cm, leathery, base rounded to acute and oblique or symmetric, margin serrulate or entire, apex acute and bent; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 2 or 3 per cupule. Infructescences ca. 15 cm. Cupule subglobose, sometimes broadly ovoid when young, 3-3.5 cm in diam., splitting into 4 segments, outside and bracts pubescent and with brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 2-3.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, ca. 7 mm, basally conate and transversely united to 4-6-cristate rings or basally connate into bundles. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam., densely pubescent; scar basal. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: brown
bract count low: 4, high: 6
bract shape shape: connate
bract size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: oblique
shape: symmetric
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant count low: 4
low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_max: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis ouonbiensis Trees ca. 25 m tall; 1st-year branchlets, petioles, and rachis of infructescences yellowish brown to dark dirty brown tomentulose. Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-18 × 4-6 cm, subleathery, abaxially puberulent and with early glabrescent, reddish brown, mealy, waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to rounded and often inaequilateral, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 10-20 cm. Infructescences 10-16 cm; rachis slender. Cupule subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 cm in diam., outside and bracts rusty brow puberulent and with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-2 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 4-8 mm, in separated bundles, usually connate at middle or apically, rarely connate basally. Nut conical, 1.4-1.8 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 1-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Oct-Nov, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: connate
bract size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole rachis color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis platyacantha Trees circa 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or obovate elliptic, 10-18 × 3-6 cm, covered with early glabrescent, reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, yellowish gray to silver-gray with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and oblique, margin serrate or entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein flat or adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 1-3 per cupule. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 3-4 cm in diam., irregularly splitting into 2-4 segments, outside grayish brown pubescent; bracts spinelike, circa 3 mm, basally connate into bundles, sometimes united to cristate rings, grayish brown pubescent. Nuts 1-3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-2 × 1.4-2 cm, wall 1.5-2 mm thick, densely brown pubescent; scar covering circa 1/3 of nut. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 1, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-gray
color: silver-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: brown
plant count low: 2, high: 4
low: 1, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis qingbeiensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis remotidenticulata Trees ca. 25 m tall. Branches glabrous; 1st-year branchlets purplish brown. Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 3-4 cm, firmly papery, abaxially covered with tight grayish waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate to rounded and often slightly oblique, margin sparsely serrate, apex acuminate to sometimes caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially with small ribs; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 7-10 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3-3.5 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free but a few in bundles and transversely united to discontinuous cristate rings. Nut 1 per cupule, flat-conical, 1.8-2.4 cm, puberulent; scar basal, 1.8-2.4 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
branch color color: purple-brown
branch count low: 1
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_high: 1, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.8, diameter_high: 2.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis rockii Trees 20-27 m tall. Branches glabrous; young shoots dark purplish red, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong, narrowly elliptic, or sometimes oblanceolate, 15-25 × 4-7 cm, papery, abaxially with a tight and thin layer of scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and oblique, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences ca. 20 cm; rachis sparsely puberulent. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Infructescence rachis glabrous, 5-8 mm thick, fruit loosely arranged. Cupule subglobose to broadly elliptic, 4-5 cm in diam., outside glabrescent, dark brown when dry, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1-1.5 cm, base connate into bundles. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., densely hairy; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
branch color color: purple-red
color: brown
flower count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: elliptic
plant size height_low: 20, height_high: 27, height_units: m
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis rufotomentosa Trees 18-25 m tall; 1st-year branchlets, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially covered with early glabrescent, dark reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 2-8 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to oblong, 10-20 × 2-4 cm, leathery, base acute to rounded, margin entire or rarely with a few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex narrow and obtuse; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis covered with mealy, waxy scalelike trichomes. Cupule globose, 1.2-2.2 cm in diam., outside and bracts covered with early glabrescent, dark reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, wall ca. 1 mm thick and exterior visible through bracts; bracts spinelike, 3-6 mm, free or several with base connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, oblate-globose to subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, apex pointed; scar basal, ca. 9 mm in diam. Fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract color color: red-brown
bract size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant count low: 1
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 18, height_high: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis sclerophylla Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Young shoots reddish brown, slightly angulate. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, ovate-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 7-15 cm, leathery, adaxially silver-gray with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate and usually inaequilateral, margin from middle to apex serrulate or rarely entire, apex acuminate, cuspidate, or shortly caudate; midvein slightly impressed from base to middle and slightly raised from middle to apex; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, prominent to very slender, evident. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Female inflorescence ca. 15 cm. Infructescences 8-15 cm. Cupule globose to subglobose, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., completely or almost completely enclosing nut, irregularly valved, outside yellowish brown puberulent, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts scalelike, 3- or 4-angled, sometimes only base connate, in annular umbones. Nut 1(-3) per cupule, subglobose, 1-1.4 cm in diam., tomentulose, apex mucronulate; scar basal, 7-9 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract count low: 3, high: 4
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: silver-gray
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 1, max: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: angulate
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
plant size diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis subuliformis Trees ca. 25 m tall. First-year branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 7-14 × 3-5 cm, firmly papery, abaxially covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown, small, lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes but soon glabrescent, base rounded to very acute and sometimes slightly inaequilateral, margin from middle to apex with shallow teeth or rarely entire, apex acute to caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences ca. 11 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick, glabrous. Cupules blackish brown, globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, scattered, conical, 2-5 cm, yellowish gray pubescent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, base wide. Nut 1 per cupule, slightly flat-conical, ca. 1.2 × 1.5 cm, densely brown pilose; scar basal, ca. 1.3 cm in diam. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-gray
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
branch color color: brown
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 11, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: black-brown
color: brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis tcheponensis Trees; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, yellow-green when dry; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Rachis of inflorescences glabrous or very shortly and sparsely mealy puberulent. Female inflorescences 10-25 cm. Cupules shortly stalked when young, subglobose when mature, ca. 3 cm in diam., blackish brown when dry, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, almost entirely covering cupule, 7-12 mm, slender, free or a few in bundles, glabrous, without scalelike trichomes, basally blackish brown when dry, apically yellowish brown. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-1.8 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous or subglabrous; scar covering more than 3/4 of nut. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: black-brown
color: yellow-brown
bract size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
leaf color color: yellow-green
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant color color: black-brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis tessellata Trees 10-15 m tall; bud scales, young shoots, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences densely brown pilose. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade oblong, sometimes lanceolate, 15-30 × 5-8 cm, base acute to broadly cuneate and symmetric to sometimes oblique, margin entire, apex long acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised and puberulent; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed. Male flowers spirally arranged on rachis. Female inflorescences crowded from middle to apex of branchlets; flowers 3 per cupule, often with staminodes. Infructescences 10-30 cm. Cupule subglobose, 5-6 cm in diam., base narrowing into a stalk 3-5 mm, wall 1-1.5 mm thick, outside except basally densely covered with spinelike bracts, inside densely yellowish brown pilose, spinelike bracts basally in bundles, yellowish brown pilose. Nuts 2 or 3 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-1.8 × 1.5-2 cm, pilose; scar basal, 1-1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-brown
flower count low: 3
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf rachis color color: brown
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 22
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
stalk size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis tibetana Trees. Young shoots black to black-brown when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, oblong, or obovate-elliptic, 15-30 × 5-10(-13) cm, leathery, dark purple-brown when young, abaxially thinly covered with reddish brown to yellowish brown, waxy scalelike trichomes, base rounded to shortly cuneate and symmetric or sometimes inaequilateral, margin serrate except basally entire, apex acuminate, mucronate, or caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 5-25 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule globose, 6-8 cm in diam., splitting into 4(or 5) regular segments, wall 3-4 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering cupule, 1.5-2.5 cm, subglabrous to sparsely puberulent, base usually connate into bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, ± conical, 1.5-1.8 × 2-2.8 cm, hairy; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: purple-brown
color: red-brown
color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_max: 13, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: black
color: black-brown
plant count low: 4, max: 5
low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: radially symmetric
plant size diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis tonkinensis Trees 10-20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 6-13 × 1.5-4 cm, membranous, abaxially greenish and sparsely covered with reddish brown, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, glabrous at maturity, adaxially deep green, base narrowly cuneate, decurrent on petiole, and symmetric or slightly oblique, margin entire, apex caudate to sometimes shortly acute; midvein adaxially somewhat impressed and villous but glabrescent; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm. Cupule broadly ellipsoid, ovoid, or rarely subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., dark brownish black when dry, outside glabrescent, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, rarely entirely covering cupule, 6-10 mm, glabrescent. Nut 1 per cupule, narrowly conical to broadly ellipsoid, 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., densely brown pilose; scar basal, 8-9 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: red-brown
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 13, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown-black
color: brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 0.9, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis tribuloides Trees 5-10 m tall; young branchlets and young leaf blades abaxially pubescent and with glabrescent, rusty brown, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, 9-16 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially reddish brown but may become gray to grayish brown with age, base acute to rounded, margin entire or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth, apex acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein, sometimes impressed. Infructescences ca. 25 cm; rachis slender. Cupules loosely arranged, globose to ellipsoid, 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., outside covered with brownish, small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, sometimes pubescent, wall to 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, sparsely covering cupule, 3-5 mm, slender, free but a few in bundles. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 1.5-2 × 1-1.6 cm, glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 25, length_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: brown
color: red-brown
color: gray
color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 16, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf tooth count low: 1, high: 2
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis uraiana Trees. Young shoots often sparsely puberulent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes or glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves distichous; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or sometimes obovate, 7-13 × 2-3 cm, papery, abaxially covered with brown to reddish brown, tight, waxy scalelike trichomes when young but grayish brown to nearly concolorous with age, base attenuate and inaequilateral, margin apically sparsely serrate or entire, apex slightly pointed, acute, or caudate and often bent to 1 side; midvein adaxially flat to slightly impressed or from middle to apex slightly raised; secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, sparsely gray lenticellate. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 × 7-12 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts reduced to scales, triangular to ovate, adnate, imbricate, dusky puberulent. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 0.7-1.5 cm; scar basal, 5-6 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract scales shape shape: triangular
shape: ovate
infructescences rachis color color: gray
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf color color: brown
color: red-brown
color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant size length_low: 5, length_high: 6, width_low: 7, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis wattii Trees 15-20 m tall. Young shoots purplish brown, sparsely pubescent, glabrescent, or glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, (7-)11-20 × 3-5 cm, firmly papery, base broadly cuneate to acute and oblique, margin apically with 2-5 shallow teeth, apex long acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-19 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescence ca. 20 cm; rachis glabrous. Female flowers 3 per cupule. Cupule subglobose when mature, ca. 3 cm in diam., outside and bracts yellowish gray villous and with red to brownish small lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts spinelike, 5-8 mm, several basally or apically connate into bundles. Nuts (1 or)2 or 3 per cupule, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm, hairy; scar basal, triangular to lenticular, 7-10 mm in diam. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-gray
color: red
color: brown
bract shape shape: connate
bract size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
flower count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 5
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_min: 7, length_low: 11, length_high: 20, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 19
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: purple-brown
plant count min: 1, low: 2, high: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: triangular
plant size height_low: 15, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis wenchangensis Trees 5-8 m tall; branches, bud scales, and rachis of inflorescences glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, (3-)5-9(-12) × (1.2-)2-3.5(-6) cm, leathery, abaxially with thin greenish layers of adnate scalelike trichomes when young, concolorous with age, base rounded to acute, margin with shallow to deep teeth, apex acuminate to rarely acute; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially raised to rarely slightly impressed; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially raised. Female inflorescences 3-8 cm. Infructescences 4-5 cm, with 1-6 fruit; rachis 1-1.5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, irregularly splitting into 3 or 4 segments, outside sparsely pubescent and with small, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, basally without bracts, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, scattered, free or a few in bundles, 2-4 mm. Nut subglobose, 1.3-1.4 cm in diam., puberulent; scar basal, 1-1.2 cm in diam. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
fruit count low: 1, high: 6
fruit rachis size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 4, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: green
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: acute
leaf size length_min: 3, length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_max: 12, width_min: 1.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant count low: 3, high: 4
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 8, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis wuzhishangensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Castanopsis xichouensis Trees ca. 15 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or rarely obovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 3.5-6 cm, firmly leathery, abaxially reddish brown, sparsely covered with adnate, black-brown, rounded, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes when young, grayish and waxy with age, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex acute; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences dense, 10-30 cm; rachis 6-10 mm thick. Cupule 4-4.5 cm in diam., wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts spinelike, entirely covering outside of cupule, connate at base or to middle 1/2 into 3-7-spined bundles. Nuts (2 or)3 per cupule, broadly conical, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., densely brown puberulent; scar 6-10 mm in diam. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: connate
bract count low: 3, high: 7
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 30, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: red-brown
color: black-brown
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant count min: 2, low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 4.0, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen. Trunk bark usually smooth, rarely deeply splitting. Winter buds ovoid-globose, ovoid-conical, or rarely ovoid-ellipsoid; scales many, imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves spirally arranged. Male inflorescences pendulous; flowers loosely arranged or clustered on rachis; perianth usually 5- or 6-lobed; stamens as many as perianth lobes, sometimes less, filament slender; pistil rudimentary. Female inflorescences with a solitary flower or spiciform; cupules with 1 flower; perianth 5- or 6-lobed; staminodes sometimes present, small; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas capitate or dilated. Cupules solitary; bracts scalelike, whorled, connate, in rings or spirally fused. Nut usually 1 per cupule; abortive ovule persisting in subapical, lateral, or basal part of seed. Germination hypogeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
bud shape shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
flower count low: 1
ovary count low: 3
ovary location location: lateral
location: basal
perianth lobe count low: 5, high: 6
low: 5, high: 6
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
style count min: 2, low: 3, max: 4
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis albicaulis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets whitish, glabrous, cylindric when young, minutely sulcate and with papillate lenticels with age. Petiole 2-3.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 10-15(-18) × 3-6(-8) cm, subleathery, pruinose brown pubescent, glabrescent, base rounded to cuneate, decurrent along veins, and oblique, margin entire or shallowly crenate, apex long acuminate to caudate but sometimes shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 2-3 cm. Infructescence rachis whitish, glabrous. Cupule bowl-shaped, 2-3 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown puberulent; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin entire or middle ones crenulate. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 2-3 cm, glabrous; scar rounded; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fl. Oct, fr. Nov-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenulate
branch color color: white
branch shape shape: cylindric
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis color color: white
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_max: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_max: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
leaf vein shape shape: oblique
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: orbicular
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 4, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis annulata Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown, sulcate and convex lenticellate, cylindric and dark gray by 2nd year. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 9-13 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially whitish and veins grayish brown (whitish on tertiary veins) with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially smooth, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin awnlike serrate to sharply serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, often fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Infructescences solitary, subapical on branchlet, 1-2 cm, 3-5-fruited. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm, outside thinly grayish brown pubescent, inside grayish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin entire. Nut ovoid, 1.2-1.5 × 1.1-1.4 cm, loosely incanous; stigmas 3 or 4, often separated; scar 6-7 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, often basally 4-ringed. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
branch color color: gray-brown
color: gray
branch shape shape: convex
shape: cylindric
infructescences count low: 3, high: 5
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf color color: white
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 13, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein color color: gray-brown
color: white
plant apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
plant base shape shape: cuneate
plant color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: serrulate
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
plant vein count low: 10, high: 14
stigma count low: 3, high: 4
low: 4
stigma duration duration: persistent
stigma shape shape: convex
stigma size diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis argyrotricha Trees. Branchlets yellowish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to obovate-elliptic, 6.5-12 × 2-4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish gray and with stellate velutinous hairs, adaxially bright green, base rounded and oblique, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex acuminate, mucronate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins obscure on both surfaces. Infructescences less than 1 cm, 1-fruited. Cupule cupular, 5-7 mm × 1-1.7 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside golden tomentose, inside yellowish brown sericeous, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7(-9) rings. Nut broadly ovoid, 0.8-1.5 cm, golden tomentose, apex rounded; stylopodium persistent, 3-lobed.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7, max: 9
branch color color: yellow-brown
infructescences count low: 1
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf color color: yellow-gray
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 6.5, length_high: 12.0, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: golden
color: yellow-brown
color: golden
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant lobe count low: 3
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis augustinii Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, with orangish brown scalelike glands when young, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-12 × 1-4 cm, abaxially slightly farinose, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and usually oblique, margin slightly recurved and usually serrate in juvenile tree but entire or apically conspicuously serrate in mature tree, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous, usually not fusing; tertiary veins obscure to very slender, evident. Female inflorescences solitary in axil of new shoots, 3-4 cm; cupules 5-10. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1 × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside glabrous or puberulent, inside grayish brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire to crenulate, basal ones somewhat spreading, apical ones connate or adherent to cupule wall. Nut ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 1-1.7 × 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous, apex rounded to somewhat depressed; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenulate
bract margin shape shape: connate
branch color color: orange-brown
inflorescence axil size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 5, high: 10
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 1, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: orbicular
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: tree
habit: tree
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.7, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 10, high: 15
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis augustinii var. nigrinux
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets brownish, with stellate hairs, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, oblong. Petiole 1-2 cm, with stellate hairs, glabrescent; leaf blade green, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 10-17(-20) × 3-5 cm, thinly leathery, pubescent when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin beyond basal 1/3 remotely minutely serrate, apex shortly acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly raised; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule cupular, 1.3-1.5 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing all but nut apex, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 2 cm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, 1.1-1.4 × 1.3-1.8 cm, angular, yellowish brown tomentose, apex rounded; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., as large as nut base, flat; stylopodium persistent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 10
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch color color: brown
branch hair shape shape: stellate
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
leaf margin location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 17, length_max: 20, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 17
petiole hair shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: angular
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis austroglauca Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets, glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, oblong to rounded. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 10-14 × 3.5-4.5 cm, abaxially whitish and with prostrate simple hairs or glabrous, base cuneate to slightly oblique, margin with awnlike and incurved serrations apically, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences 4-5 cm, with 2 or 3 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale grayish brown tomentose, walls ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 rings, margin of apical 1 or 2 entire, others dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, 2-2.2 cm, apex conically acuminate; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, pale grayish brown tomentose, with 4 or 5 glabrous rings.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7
bract margin count low: 1, high: 2
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: dentate
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
fruit count low: 2, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 4, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf color color: white
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 14, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acuminate
plant base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
plant color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
plant count low: 4, high: 5
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis bella Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets subangular, pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 8-15 × 2-3.5 cm, subleathery, adnate pubescent when young, glabrescent and grayish green with age, base cuneate and slightly oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat; secondary veins ca. 12 on each side of midvein and abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules usually 2 or 3. Cupule discoid, ca. 5 mm × 2.5-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside pale grayish brown puberulent and glabrescent, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin irregularly denticulate. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × 2.2-3 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium persistent, to 3 mm. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
inflorescence base color sex: female, color: gray-brown
sex: female, color: orange-brown
inflorescence base size sex: female, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblique
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
length_high: 3, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis blakei Trees to 35 m tall. Branchlets glabrous; 2nd-year branchlets densely lenticellate. Petiole slender, 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly ovate-elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 7-19 × 1.5-2 cm, subleathery, reddish tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apical 2/3 serrate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein and abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 1 or 2. Cupules saucer-shaped to shallowly bowl-shaped, 5-10 mm × 2-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside pale grayish brown tomentose, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin entire or dentate. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-3 cm; scar 7-11 mm in diam., flat to depressed; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, base loosely pale grayish brown villous, late glabrescent. Fl. Mar, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: dentate
branch count low: 2
inflorescence base color sex: female, color: gray-brown
sex: female, color: orange-brown
inflorescence base size sex: female, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1, high: 2
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 19, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant base color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 35, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 11, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis camusiae Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets brown tomentose when young, sparsely hairy with age. Petiole 2-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade green, elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, (9-)11-17 × 3-5 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate to oblique, margin entire or rarely apically 2- or 3-serrulate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Infructescence ca. 2 cm. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.7 cm, pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm in diam. Fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
branch color color: brown
infructescence size length_low: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: green
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_min: 9, length_low: 11, length_high: 17, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis championii Trees to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark ashy and slice splitting. Branchlets sulcate, densely grayish brown stellate tomentose. Leaves crowded toward branchlet apex; petiole 0.8-1.5 cm, densely pale orangish brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate, sometimes oblong-elliptic, 3.5-10(-13) × 1.5-4.5 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale orangish brown mealy and densely stellate tomentose, hairs pale orangish brown when young but darker with age, adaxially dark green and glabrous, base cuneate, margin recurved and entire or rarely undulate-crenate toward apex, apex with a short, blunt tip to rarely retuse; midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences to 4 cm, brown velutinous; cupules 3-10. Cupule bowl-shaped, 4-10 mm × 1-1.3(-2) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside brown to brownish velutinous, inside densely pale yellowish brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-7 rings, margin usually entire or sometimes basal 1 or 2 undulately denticulate. Nut broadly ovoid to oblate, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5(-1.8) cm, hairy when young, glabrescent, base and apex rounded; scar 4-5 mm in diam., flat. Fl. Dec-Mar, fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 7
bract margin count low: 1, high: 2
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: gray-brown
branch shape shape: stellate
inflorescence color sex: female, color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 10
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: retuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: orange-brown
color: green
leaf hair color color: orange-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate-crenate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 3.5, length_high: 10.0, length_max: 13.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole color color: orange-brown
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
color: brown
color: yellow-brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_max: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
trunk size dbh_high: 1, dbh_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis changhualingensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis chapensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, villous or glabrous when young, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, oblong. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 9-20 × 2-4(-5) cm, leathery to thickly papery, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 15-20 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-12 mm × 2.5-3.5 cm, covering base of nut, outside sparsely orangish brown tomentose, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, 1-2.2 × 1.5-2.7 cm, glabrous or basally pilose, base flat, apex rounded to slightly depressed; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., flat or depressed; stylopodium ca. 3 mm in diam., umbonate. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 20, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_max: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant base color color: orange-brown
color: orange-brown
plant base size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.7, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slender and sulcate, with a whitish waxy layer by 2nd year. Petiole 5-8(-12) mm; leaf blade green, elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-11 × 2-4 cm, subleathery, puberulent or glabrous when young, base cuneate, margin entire to remotely repand and serrulate apically, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, slender, evident. Infructescences 2-4 cm, with 2-5 fruit. Cupule cupular, 0.5-1.2 × 0.8-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside glabrous, inside brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7(-9) rings, margins dentate. Nut ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, 1-1.5(-2) × 0.6-0.8 (-1.5) cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7, max: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch color color: white
fruit count low: 2, high: 5
infructescences size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 11, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_max: 12, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_max: 2.0, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 0.8, width_max: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis chingsiensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, densely verrucose; lenticels brownish, elevated. Petiole slender, 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade broadly oblong-elliptic, 8-10 × 3-5 cm, subleathery, abaxially with an indument of fine yellowish brown stellate hairs when young but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous and shiny when dry, base obtusely rounded and oblique, margin subspinulose-serrate ± apically from middle, apex shortly acuminate; midvein basally canaliculate on adaxial surface; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein. Cupules woody, saucer-shaped, ca. 1 × 3-3.5 cm, margin introrse, outside grayish yellow tomentulose, inside densely sericeous-tomentose, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in ca. 8 rings, margin subentire. Nut strongly depressed semiglobose, ca. 7 mm × 2.5 cm, densely puberulent, apex slightly concave; scar subconvex, ca. 2.2 cm in diam.; stylopodium conically rostrate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8
branch color color: red-brown
branch lenticel color color: brown
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf hair color color: yellow-brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 10, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin color color: gray-yellow
plant margin size thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis chungii Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets densely brown velutinous, glabrescent. Petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm, grayish brown velutinous; leaf blade elliptic to rarely obovate-elliptic, 6-10(-12) × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially densely grayish brown stellate tomentose (hairs 8-10-forked), base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin serrulate toward apex or rarely entire but not recurved, apex acute to somewhat caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-2 cm, rachis and bracts densely brown tomentose, cupules 2-6. Infructescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2.3 cm, covering base of nut, outside and inside grayish brown tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal 2 denticulate, others entire. Nut oblate, ca. 1.5 × 1.4-1.7 cm, velutinous, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat or depressed.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: brown
bract count low: 2, high: 6
low: 6, high: 7
bract margin count low: 2
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
branch color color: brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf hair count low: 8, high: 10
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_max: 12, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole color color: gray-brown
petiole size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant base color color: gray-brown
plant base size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis daimingshanensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 5-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 4-7 × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous, abaxially whitish, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin apically remotely serrulate, apex with a short, blunt tip; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm; cupules 3-5. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 5 mm × 1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside whitish velutinous; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, margin of apical 2 denticulate, others entire. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, 2-2.2 × ca. 1.3 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, evident. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 6
bract margin count low: 2
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
inflorescence color sex: female, color: white
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 7, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: oblong-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis delavayi Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades densely, mature leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences pale orangish brown stellate tomentose. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 8-12 × 2-4.5 cm, subleathery, adaxially glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary, solitary, ca. 4 cm, cupules 2 or 3. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 5-8(-10) mm × 1-1.5(-1.9) cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale orangish brown tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin shallowly denticulate. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1-1.5 cm, tomentose, glabrescent, apically indented; scar 6-8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
inflorescence color color: orange-brown
sex: female, color: orange-brown
sex: female, color: orange-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence shape shape: stellate
sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 4, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_max: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.9, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis delicatula Trees to 13 m tall. First-year branchlets ca. 2 mm thick, glabrous. Petiole slender, 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, oblong-elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 6-9 × 2-3.5 cm, papery, base cuneate, margin entire or shallowly crenate toward apex, apex caudate; secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, glabrescent; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Infructescence ca. 1 cm, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.5 × 1.6-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside and inside grayish brown and pubescent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin of apical 2 or 3 entire, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, at least apically velutinous, base and apex rounded; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 8
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
branch size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
fruit count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 9, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 13, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis dinghuensis Trees to 8 m tall. First-year branchlets grayish brown, sulcate, waxy, tawny woolly-tomentose; 2nd-year branchlets dark ashy, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 8-9 × 2-2.5 cm, pale brown tomentose, glabrescent, abaxially grayish green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin entire and slightly recurved, apex rounded; secondary veins 12 or 13 on each side of midvein. Infructescences on terminal new shoots, less than 1 cm, usually 2-fruited. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.8 × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose but glabrescent, wall ca. 4 mm and hard; bracts in 4 or 5 rings, margin entire. Nut ellipsoid, 3-3.5 × 1.7-2 cm; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, evident.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 5
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
branch color color: gray-brown
branch count low: 2
infructescences count low: 2
infructescences location location: terminal
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: brown
color: gray-green
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 9, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 8, height_units: m
length_low: 1.8, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis disciformis Trees 10-14 m tall. Branchlet tawny velutinous, glabrescent. Petiole ca. 2 cm, tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 6-13 × 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to subrounded and often oblique, margin serrations incurved and shortly aristate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, curving; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences ca. 5 mm. Cupule discoid, rim flat when ripe, 3-4 cm in diam., covering base of nut, outside densely prostrate grayish brown tomentose, inside with an erect orangish brown feltlike tomentum, wall ca. 4 mm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin denticulate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × ca. 2 cm, apex flattened; scar ca. 2 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium persistent, raised, puberulent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 10
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf margin shape shape: aristate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 13, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 2, length_units: cm
plant base color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
plant base size thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 14, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis dongfangensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis edithiae Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slightly angular, glabrous; 2nd-year branchlets lenticellate; lenticels loose, small. Petiole 2-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to somewhat obovate, 5-16 × 2-6 cm, leathery, adaxially dark green, grayish, or whitish, base cuneate, margin apical 1/3 remotely serrulate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 3 or 4. Infructescence rachis short, ca. 1 cm thick, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, outside orangish brown velutinous, inside orangish brown prostrate villous, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 subentire, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid to cylindric-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 × 2-3 cm; scar ca. 7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, puberulent. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch count low: 2
branch shape shape: angular
fruit count low: 1, high: 2
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 4
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: gray
color: white
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 16, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
color: orange-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets purple-brown, minutely sulcate, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels whitish, small. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (5-)8-15 × (1.5-)2.5-4 cm (to ca. 20 × 5.5 cm in budding shoot), glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially green, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin from middle or apically remotely and sharply serrate and sometimes glandular at serration, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins prominent; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein. Cupule shallowly cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside yellowish gray velutinous; bracts in (5-)7 or 8 rings, margin irregularly crenate-dentate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2.2 × 1-1.2 cm, yellowish brown puberulent near apex; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, 1-1.5 mm, 4- or 5-ringed, umbonate. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count min: 5, low: 7, high: 8
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: crenate-dentate
margin_shape: entire
branch color color: purple-brown
branch lenticel color color: white
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 20, width_low: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-gray
color: yellow-brown
plant count low: 4, high: 5
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets densely orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent and densely lenticellate. Petiole 2-6 cm, tawny tomentose when young; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 14-27 × 4-9 cm, leathery, densely orangish brown tomentose when young but glabrescent, abaxially whitish, base cuneate, margin entire or apically undulate and serrulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-12(-15) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences 10-15 cm, tawny tomentose. Female inflorescence solitary in leaf axils toward apex of branchlets, 2.5-3.5 cm, rachis thick and densely orangish brown tomentose; cupules 4 or 5. Infructescence rachis short, ca. 7 mm thick, thicker than branchlet. Cupule campanulate to cylindric, 3-4 × 2.5-4 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, outside and inside with feltlike orangish brown indumentum, wall to 6 mm thick; bracts in 10-13 rings, margin subentire. Nut cylindric-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 × 2-3 cm, densely tawny tomentose; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, 5-8 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 10, high: 13
branch color color: orange-brown
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 4, high: 5
inflorescence rachis color sex: female, color: orange-brown
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: orange-brown
color: white
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 14, length_high: 27, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12, max: 15
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: campanulate
shape: cylindric
shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 4, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 4.5, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis fuliginosa
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis gambleana Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, glabrescent, densely lenticellate; lenticels brown, raised. Petiole 3-4 cm, grayish stellate tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 12-20 × 2-5 cm, abaxially densely pale brown stellate tomentose, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-24 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences borne toward the apex of new shoots, axillary, solitary, ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Cupule cupular, ca. 1 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale brown sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin denticulate. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 cm, hairy, glabrescent; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., slightly convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch lenticel color color: brown
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 24
petiole color color: gray
petiole shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
color: brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis gilva Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets densely pale orangish brown to tawny stellate tomentose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-3.5 cm, abaxially pale brown stellate velutinous, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 with short, awnlike serrations, apex acuminate; secondary veins 11-18 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm, rachis and bracts densely pale orangish brown tomentose; cupules usually 2. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, outside and inside pale grayish brown puberulent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin entire or denticulate. Nut obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 1-1.3 cm, apex puberulent; scar 5-6 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium persistent, puberulent. Fl. May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: orange-brown
color: gray-brown
bract count low: 2
low: 6, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
bract shape shape: saucerlike
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
branch color color: orange-brown
branch shape shape: stellate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: obovoid-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis glauca Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade obovate to oblong-elliptic, 6-13 × 2-5.5 cm, often wider apically from middle, leathery, abaxially often becoming pruinous and with prostrate white simple or scalelike hairs but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrate, apex acuminate to somewhat caudate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescences 1.5-3 cm, with 2 or 3 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 0.9-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside white puberulent or glabrous, inside white sericeous; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, crowded, margin entire or denticulate. Nut ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or ellipsoid, 1-1.6 × 0.9-1.4 cm, glabrous or rarely hairy; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat or slightly convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 6
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
fruit count low: 2, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 13, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
plant base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
plant color color: white
color: white
color: white
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 9, high: 13
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets grayish green, tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-2 cm; leaf blade long elliptic to obovate-oblanceolate, 5-12 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and tawny woolly-tomentose but somewhat glabrescent, adaxially green, base cuneate to subrounded, margin beyond basal 1/3 serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-2 cm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 × 8-12 mm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale brown sericeous; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin subentire. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 1-1.4 × 0.7-1 cm, pubescent when young, glabrescent; scar 5-6 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. May, fr. Oct
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
branch color color: gray-green
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf margin location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis gracilis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-9 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially whitish and with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially bright green, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 sharply serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 7-13 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous (especially near margin); tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-1.5 cm, rachis and bracts tomentose; cupules 2 or 3, borne apically. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside with prostrate grayish brown tomentose hairs; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin of basal 2 conspicuously dentate, others denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × ca. 1 cm, apex hairy; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 2, high: 3
low: 6, high: 9
bract margin count low: 2
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: denticulate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf color color: white
leaf shape shape: oblong-ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 9.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
plant base shape shape: cuneate
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
habit: prostrate
plant hair color color: green
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 7, high: 13
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis helferiana Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets densely pale brown tomentose, glabrescent by 3rd year. Petiole 1-2(-3) cm, pale brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 12-15(-22) × 4-8(-9.5) cm, densely pale brown tomentose when young, abaxially pale grayish brown tomentose with age, adaxially glabrescent except for basal part of midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin crenate, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein. Infructescences 1-2 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, pubescent. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, wall 1.2-2 mm thick; bracts in 8-10 rings, margin denticulate to subentire. Nut oblate, 1-1.6 × 1.5-2.2 cm, gray villous, apex depressed; scar 1.2-1.4 cm in diam., flat to concave at maturity. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 10
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: brown
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
color: gray-brown
leaf location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 15, length_max: 22, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 8.0, width_max: 9.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_max: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.2, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis hui Trees 10-15(-20) m tall. Branchlets densely curly orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels minute. Petiole 1-1.4 cm, woolly when young; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, oblanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-13 × 1.5-3(-4) cm, subleathery, abaxially pale brown tomentose but glabrescent, base cuneate and slightly oblique, margin recurved and entire or indistinctly serrulate toward apex, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 2-5, apical. Infructescence ca. 1 cm; fruit 1 or 2. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to deeply discoid, 4-10 mm × 1.5-3 cm, covering base of nut, outside and inside densely feltlike tawny tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-6 rings, margin denticulate. Nut oblate, 1.5-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, densely tawny tomentose, glabrescent; scar 7-10 mm in diam., impressed; stylopodium raised. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 6
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: orange-brown
fruit base size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
fruit count low: 1, high: 2
fruit shape shape: saucerlike
fruit size length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 5
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_max: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis hypophaea Trees to 18 m tall. Branchlets slender, whitish hairy. Petiole 0.5-10 mm, triangular in cross section, densely gray tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 5-9.5 × 1.5-2.3 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish tomentose and hairs adnate, adaxially bright green, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially flat; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Cupule saucer-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, outside whitish pubescent; bracts in 7-11 rings. Nut oblate to broadly ovoid, 1.7-2.1 × 1.2-1.8 cm; scar 5-8 mm in diam., slightly convex. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Jan-Feb of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 11
branch color color: white
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5.0, length_high: 9.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 14
petiole color color: gray
petiole shape shape: triangular
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 10.0, length_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 18, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.1, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis jenseniana Trees to 35 m tall. Branchlets thick, sulcate, glabrous, densely lenticellate; lenticels pale brown. Petiole 3-5 cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 12-20(-30) × 6-8(-13) cm, subleathery to leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or subrounded, margin entire, apex caudate to acuminate; midvein abaxially prominent, adaxially impressed; secondary veins 12-18 (-24) on each side of midvein, curving near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 3-5(-9) cm; rachis lenticels grayish brown, oblong. Infructescences 5-10 cm. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × 1.3-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside with thick orangish brown indument but outside glabrescent, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin denticulate. Nut oblong-ovoid, obovoid, or ovoid-conical, 1.7-2.2 × (0.8-)1.3-1.5 cm, yellowish velutinous, glabrescent; scar (3-)6 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium persistent. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch lenticel color color: brown
inflorescence lenticel color sex: female, color: gray-brown
inflorescence lenticel shape sex: female, shape: oblong
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_max: 9, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, length_max: 30, width_low: 6, width_high: 8, width_max: 13, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 18, max: 24
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
color: yellow
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: obovoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 35, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.2, width_min: 0.8, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_min: 3, diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis jinpinensis Trees. Branchlets glabrous or pubescent when young. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 7-11 × 3-4.5 cm, abaxially with grayish brown simple hairs (more densely along veins), base narrowly rounded, margin shallowly serrate on apical 1/3, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupules solitary, sessile, bowl-shaped, ca. 1.5 × 1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside apically densely yellowish brown tomentose but middle and basal hairs relatively sparce; bracts in 9-11 rings, margin entire but most basal ones denticulate. Nut ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 9, high: 11
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 11, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size length_low: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.8, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis kerrii Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets densely tawny tomentose, glabrescent or rarely remaining hairy. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong-oblanceolate, 9-18(-24) × 3-7(-9) cm, densely tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent, abaxially stellate hairy with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin serrate on apical 2/3, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; midvein flat or adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences solitary, 2-5(-7) cm. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 2-2.5(-3.8) cm, covering base to 1/2 of nut, outside grayish to pale brown tomentose, inside prostrate whitish puberulent, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 7-11 rings, margin denticulate or entire. Nut oblate, 0.7-1.2 × 2-2.8 cm, apex depressed to flat; scar 1-2 cm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, grayish sericeous-pubescent. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 11
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_max: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong-oblanceolate
shape: stellate
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 18, length_max: 24, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_max: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant base color color: gray
color: brown
color: white
plant base size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: gray
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_high: 2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis kiukiangensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets thick, densely lenticellate; lenticels brownish, raised. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 10-18 × 3.5-8.5 cm, leathery, abaxially whitish, and loosely covered with simple hairs, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/2 with awnlike and incurved serrations, apex shortly acute, acuminate, or caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to conspicuous, parallel. Infructescence ca. 3.5 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick. Cupule saucer-to bowl-shaped, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.2 cm, enclosing to 1/2 of nut, outside tomentose, inside whitish sericeous, wall 1.5-3 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, yellowish brown tomentose, margin of basal ones loosely dentate but apical ones entire. Nut globose, ovoid, or conical, 1.5-1.7(-3) × 1.4-1.7 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, 3-ringed. Fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
bract count low: 6, high: 9
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
branch lenticel color color: brown
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 3.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 8.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant count low: 3
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.7, length_max: 3.0, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, densely tawny velutinous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, densely light brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 12-20 × 3.5-5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely pale grayish brown stellate tomentose, base cuneate and usually oblique, margin apically serrate, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially flat; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, conspicuous. Female inflorescence ca. 1.5 cm; rachis brown tomentose. Cupule campanulate, ca. 2.5 × 2.5-3.4 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, outside orangish brown tomentose, inside feltlike orangish tomentose, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin dentate. Nut cylindric-ellipsoid, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm, tomentose; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium umbonate, ca. 3 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
inflorescence rachis color sex: female, color: brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
color: orange
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: campanulate
shape: cylindric-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 3, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa Trees to 40 m tall. Branchlets tawny tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 2-4 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, 16-30(-39) × 6-8(-10) cm, leathery, abaxially pruinose or with pale brown, shortly stellate hairs and sometimes glabrescent, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin serrate or entire on basal 1/3, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 18-25(-33) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences usually with 1-3 fruit. Cupule oblate to semiglobose, 2-3 × 3-5 cm, enclosing 2/3-4/5 or sometimes all nut, outside and inside orangish tomentose, wall 2-5 mm on sides and 3-8 mm at base; bracts in 7-10 rings, thinly lamellate, margin subentire but denticulate when ripe. Nut oblate, 2-3 × 3-4 cm, tomentose, glabrescent, apex flat, rounded, or umbonate; scar 2-3 cm in diam., flat to slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 5 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Nov-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 10
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
fruit count low: 1, high: 3
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 16, length_high: 30, length_max: 39, width_low: 6, width_high: 8, width_max: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 18, high: 25, max: 33
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: orange
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 40, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis litoralis Trees to 15 m tall; trunk to 40 cm d.b.h.; bark grayish brown. Branchlets thick, densely brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels minute, raised. Petiole 2.5-5 cm, densely brown tomentose when young but glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic, 10-20 × 5-10 cm, leathery, brown tomentose when young but glabrescent, abaxially grayish green but brownish when dry, base cuneate, margin remotely minutely serrate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences borne in axil of terminal leaf, 2-3 cm; cupules 3-5. Cupule obconic, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts in 9-12 rings, margin of basal ones entire, others denticulate and incurved. Nut ellipsoid, ca. 4.5 × 2.5-2.8 cm; scar conically convex. Fl. Dec, fr. Jun-Jul of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bark color color: gray-brown
bract count low: 9, high: 12
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: brown
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
color: gray-green
color: brown
location: terminal, color: gray-brown
leaf count location: terminal, low: 3, high: 5
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
location: terminal, shape: obconic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
location: terminal, length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
location: terminal, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
location: terminal, thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 4.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
trunk size dbh_high: 40, dbh_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis litseoides Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets sparsely tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves sessile; leaf blade obovate-oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 2.5-7 × 0.8-3 cm, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences ca. 1 cm; cupules 2, apical. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-6 × ca. 10 mm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside, remotely grayish brown tomentose; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin entire or denticulate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × ca. 1 cm, apex pubescent; scar flat; stylopodium persistent, evident.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate-oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 6, width_low: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis lobbii Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to rarely obovate, 7-13 × 3-5 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish and with stellate hairs, adaxially glabrous, base narrowly rounded to cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, adaxially flat or slightly raised. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish tomentose; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1.2 cm, glabrous, apex flat; scar slightly convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis longinux Trees. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels oblong. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, 6-8 × 2-2.5 cm, abaxially farinose or with adnate simple hairs, adaxially bright green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein. Cupule bowl-shaped, 8-9 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, wall thin; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 × 0.9 cm; scar convex; stylopodium persistent, short. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size length_low: 8, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, width_low: 0.9, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets conspicuously sulcate, glabrous. Petiole 2-2.5(-4) cm, adaxially sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade green, oblong, obovate-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 9.5-11.5 × 3-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially grayish green and with simple hairs or glabrous, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin basally entire but apically awnlike serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences ca. 2.5 cm; rachis slender, sparsely tomentose. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.7-1 × ca. 1.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside sparsely tomentose; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin of basal ones 1 or 2 denticulate, others subentire to repand-dentate. Nut broadly ovoid to oblate, 1.2-2 cm, apex flat or depressed and velutinous; scar flat and rounded. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 9
bract margin count low: 1, high: 2
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: dentate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: gray-green
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9.5, length_high: 11.5, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_max: 4.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: orbicular
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis macrocalyx
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis macrocalyx var. litoralis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis morii Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets thick, glabrous or arachnoid hairy when young, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 6-10 × 2.5-4 cm, glabrous or sparsely sericeous when young, base subrounded to broadly cuneate and slightly oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex caudate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially flat or slightly impressed; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Infructescence 2-3 cm; rachis glabrous, lenticellate. Cupule cupular to campanulate, 1.4-1.8 × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, basal ones divergent from cupule wall, apical ones with margin dentate and apex obtuse. Nut ovoid to cylindric, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.8 cm, glabrous or rarely hairy, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat or slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: obtuse
bract count low: 7, high: 8
bract location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
infructescence size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: campanulate
shape: ovoid
shape: cylindric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis motuoensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets dark, sulcate, densely lenticellate; lenticels whitish, rounded, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 7-10 × 3-4 cm, subleathery, concolorous, glabrous, base rounded and slightly oblique, margin entire or apically remotely serrate, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous; tertiary veins obscure. Infructescences solitary in axil of a higher leaf, 2-4 cm, with 1 or 2 fruit. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × ca. 1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside glabrous, inside sericeous; bracts in 6 rings, margin remotely triangular-denticulate. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-1.8 × 1-1.3 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: triangular-denticulate
branch lenticel color color: white
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
fruit count low: 1, high: 2
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 10, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis multinervis Trees to 12 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, lenticellate. Petiole 1-2.7 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 7.5-15.5 × 2.5-5.5 cm, abaxially grayish green, waxy, and with prostrate simple hairs but glabrescent, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 2/3 sharply serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Infructescences 1-2 cm, 2-6-fruited. Cupule cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, outside thinly grayish brown puberulent, inside whitish sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin subentire. Nut oblong-ovoid, ca. 1.8 × 1 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., flat or convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Fr. Oct-Nov of following year from fl.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
infructescences count low: 2, high: 6
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf color color: gray-green
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7.5, length_high: 15.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.7, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
plant base shape shape: cuneate
plant color color: gray-brown
color: white
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
plant shape shape: oblong-ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.8, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 10, high: 15
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, oblong, convex. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6-11 × 1.8-4 cm, abaxially whitish farinose but dark gray when dry, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin apical 1/2 serrulate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, usually almost reaching margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish pubescent, inside glabrous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin entire. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.4-2.5 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous, apex rounded; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium conspicuous, 5- or 6-ringed. Fl. Jun, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
shape: convex
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
color: gray
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 11, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: white
plant count low: 5, high: 6
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis neglecta Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown sericeous, glabrescent. Leaves crowded toward branchlet apex; petiole 2-5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-11 × 0.5-1.8 cm, subleathery, abaxially whitish and glabrous or basally villous, base cuneate, margin entire or indistinctly 1- or 2-crenate toward apex, apex rounded; midvein adaxially slightly raised or flat; secondary veins 7-14 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Female inflorescences 5-10 mm, rachis grayish brown tomentose when young; cupules 2-many. Infructescences 5-10 mm, usually 1-fruited. Cupule saucer-shaped to cupular, 5-10 mm × 1.3-1.5(-1.8) cm, covering base of nut, outside grayish brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 4-6 rings, margin entire or triangular denticulate. Nut obovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.6 cm, puberulent, glabrescent; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, evident. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 4, high: 6
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: triangular-denticulate
branch color color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2
inflorescence rachis color sex: female, color: gray-brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
infructescences count low: 1
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf margin count low: 1, high: 2
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 11, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant base color color: gray-brown
color: brown
plant base size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis ningangensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets gray, sparsely hairy. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, dark when dry, basally tomentose; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 8-13 × 2-4 cm, abaxially densely with gray, shortly stellate hairs, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein impressed; secondary veins 13-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly raised, fusing at serration. Female inflorescences borne in axil of a higher leaf, solitary, 1.5-2 cm, cupules 7-10 but usually only 2 or 3 fertile. Cupule cupular, ca. 5 mm × 1 cm, outside sparsely gray hairy, inside gray sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings. Nut tawny, oblong-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., subrounded; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
branch color color: gray
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf count low: 7, high: 10
low: 2, high: 3
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 13, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
color: gray
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: oblong-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis obovatifolia Trees or shrubs (2-)5-11 m tall. Petiole 2-8 mm, hairy when young, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly obovate to oblong-elliptic, 2.5-6(-9) × 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm, abaxially pruinose and loosely covered with stellate hairs but glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire or apically slightly repand, apex rounded to sometimes shortly acute or shortly acuminate; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 5-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Infructescences 1-2 cm, with 1-3 fruit. Cupules with a stalk 3-8 mm, bowl-shaped, 6-10 mm × (1.1-)1.5-2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown velutinous, inside grayish brown sericeous; bracts in 7-9 rings, margin of basal and apical ones denticulate, others dentate. Nut oblate to subglobose, 0.8-2 × 1-1.6 cm, glabrous; scar 5-8 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, umbonate. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 9
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: dentate
fruit count low: 1, high: 3
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_max: 9.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_min: 2, height_low: 5, height_high: 11, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
stalk color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
stalk shape shape: saucerlike
stalk size length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
width_low: 6, width_high: 10, width_units: mm, diameter_min: 1.1, diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, soon glabrescent. Petiole 2.5-4 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 12-22 × 3-8 cm, abaxially pruinose to whitish farinose and with adnate simple and furcate hairs but soon glabrescent, adaxially green, base rounded to broadly cuneate and usually oblique, margin serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-24 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 2-5 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.5-2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside thinly grayish brown tomentose, inside white sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6-8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-2.2 × 1.2-1.7 cm, glabrous or rarely pilose at apex; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium ca. 4 mm in diam., with 3 or 4 rings. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: white
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 22, width_low: 3, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 24
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: white
plant count low: 3, high: 4
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma Trees to 17 m tall. Branchlets orangish brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade obovate, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2-5 cm, leathery, orangish woolly hairy when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm, densely brown tomentose, with 2-5 cupules. Cupule semiglobose to campanulate, (1-)2-3 × 1.5-3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3-2/3 of nut, outside usually densely tawny, tomentose, inside tawny thickly feltlike tomentose, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or dentate. Nut ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid, or obovoid, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., densely tawny tomentose when young but glabrescent, apex rounded; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, 2-3 cm in diam. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: dentate
branch color color: orange-brown
inflorescence color sex: female, color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 5
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: orange
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: campanulate
shape: ellipsoid
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: obovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 17, height_units: m
length_min: 1, length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets conspicuously angular when young; grayish brown, sparsely lenticellate by 2nd year, glabrous. Petiole 2-4.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 × 2.5-6 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and with stellate hairs when young but glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to rarely subrounded and sometimes oblique, margin shortly and sharply serrate with serration somewhat incurved, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, inconspicuous to evident. Female inflorescence 2-3 cm; cupules 3-5. Fruit solitary. Cupule shallowly cupular, 6-8 mm or rarely shallower, 2-3 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside pale grayish brown puberulent, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin dentate but apical 2 or 3 entire. Nut oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-2.8 cm, grayish brown puberulent; scar 1.5-2 cm in diam., impressed or flat; stylopodium persistent, ca. 4 cm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 9
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: entire
branch color color: gray-brown
branch shape shape: angular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: orange-brown
color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis pentacycla Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets thick, grayish brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, sulcate, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, 10-14 × 4-6 cm, leathery, abaxially whitish chaffy or with prostrate simple hairs, adaxially green and glabrous, base subrounded and slightly oblique, margin serrulate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 13-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupule obconic, ca. 6 mm × 1.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside whitish tomentose, inside prostrate sericeous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in (4 or)5 rings, margin dentate. Nut reddish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.7 × 1.2 cm, shiny; scar ca. 7 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count min: 4, low: 5
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel color color: gray
leaf color color: white
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 14, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
plant base shape shape: oblique
plant color color: white
color: red-brown
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
habit: prostrate
plant hair color color: green
plant margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
plant shape shape: obconic
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_units: mm
plant vein count low: 13, high: 15
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis phanera Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade bright green, oblong-elliptic to somewhat obovate, 5-15 × 2-6 cm, thickly leathery, glabrous, base cuneate and oblique, margin apical 1/2 serrate, apex with a short, blunt tip; midvein abaxially prominent but adaxially flat; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence ca. 5 mm, cupules usually 1. Infructescences ca. 1 cm; rachis thick, lenticellate. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, outside pale grayish brown velutinous, inside brown tomentose, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts in 8-12 rings, middle 4 or 5 wider and margin deeply dentate, apical 3 narrowest. Nut cylindric to ellipsoid, 3-4 × 2-2.5 cm, villous; scar 8-10 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 3 mm in diam., base ringed. Fr. Dec-Jan.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 12
low: 4, high: 5
bract margin count low: 3
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: cylindric
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_high: 4, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis poilanei Trees to 16 m tall. Branchlets densely pale orangish brown feltlike tomentose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, tawny tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 4-8 × 3-6 cm, tawny stellate tomentose when young, abaxially hairs persisting or glabrescent, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apically few serrulate or entire, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous to inconspicuous, ± parallel. Female inflorescences borne apically on new shoots, 1-2 cm; cupules 3-7. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, outside tawny to ashy tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1.8 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or basal 1 or 2 denticulate and apical ones crenate. Nut ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid, or globose, 1.5-2 × 1.3-1.5 cm; scar 5-7 mm in diam., flat. Fl. Apr, fr. Apr of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 8
bract margin count low: 1, high: 2
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: crenate
branch color color: orange-brown
inflorescence color sex: female, color: orange-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 7
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1.8, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 16, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis rex Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets pale brown tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves often crowded apically on branches; petiole 2-3 cm, brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate to obovate-oblanceolate, 15-20(-27) × (4-)6-9 cm, densely brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, base cuneate, margin apically remotely minutely serrate, apex shortly acuminate to acute; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent but adaxially impressed or flat; secondary veins 18-22 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Cupule saucer-shaped, 1.5-1.8 × 3.5-5(-6) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall to 4 mm thick; bracts in 7 or 8 rings, margin entire or sinuate, basal ones free from wall. Nut oblate, 2.5-3.5 × 3.5-5 cm, pale grayish orange tomentose when young, apically and basally hairy with age, apex rounded to impressed; scar 2-2.5 cm in diam., depressed; stylopodium often deciduous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 7, high: 8
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: sinuate
branch color color: brown
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 20, length_max: 27, width_min: 4, width_low: 6, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 18, high: 22
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-orange
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 6.0, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis saravanensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis semiserrata Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets tomentose when young, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-oblong to obovate-oblanceolate, 13-25 × 3-7 cm, thinly papery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to obtuse; midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent and adaxially slightly raised or flat; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, curving near margin. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.2 × 2.5 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, outside brown velutinous, inside brownish tomentose, wall thin; bracts in 6-9 rings, margin undulately denticulate. Nut oblong-ellipsoid, 3.5-4 × ca. 2.2 cm, pilose, apex rounded; scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-oblong
shape: obovate-oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 25, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: oblong-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.5, length_high: 4.0, width_low: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets waxy, glaucous, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded, hairy, glabrescent. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 7-15 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery, subconcolorous, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or apically 2-4 serrate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescence ca. 1.5 cm. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown tomentose, inside grayish brown feltlike tomentose, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 5-7 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 denticulate, others subentire. Nut obovoid to ellipsoid-obovoid, 1.7-2.4 × 0.8-1.5 cm, base with a few rings; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly convex; stylopodium persistent, raised. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 7
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: glaucous
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 4
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: obovoid
shape: ellipsoid-obovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.4, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis sichourensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets thick, slightly sulcate, sparsely hairy, lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown, rounded, raised. Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm, brown tomentose when young; leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic, 12-21 × 5-9 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially whitish, pilose, and barbate in vein axils, adaxially bright green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin beyond basal 1/4 remotely serrate, apex shortly acute; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule oblate, ca. 2.5 × 3.5-5 cm, enclosing nearly all of nut, outside pale brown tomentose, inside pale orangish brown sericeous, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts in 9 or 10 rings, margin dentate. Nut oblate, ca. 2 × 3-4 cm, pale orangish tomentose, apex impressed and umbonate; scar slightly narrower than nut diam., convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 9, high: 10
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf axil color color: green
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf margin location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 21, width_low: 5, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 18
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
color: orange-brown
color: orange
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides Trees to 17 m tall. Branchlets slender, gray, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially farinose and with prostrate simple hairs but usually glabrescent, adaxially green, base narrowly acute to rounded, margin with short, awnlike serrations, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, extending into serration; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to obscure. Female inflorescences 2-2.5 cm, cupules 6 or 7. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 × ca. 1.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 or less of nut, outside and inside grayish velutinous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 8 rings, margin dentate. Nut ellipsoid, 1.7-2 × ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, conspicuous, 3-ringed. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
branch color color: gray
inflorescence color sex: female, color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 6, high: 7
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf shape shape: oblong-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: caudate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant base shape shape: acute
shape: orbicular
plant count low: 3
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant hair color color: green
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 17, height_units: m
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Trees to 12 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-4 cm, sericeous and simple hairy when young, abaxially whitish (browning when dry) and sparsely hairy or glabrescent, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely shallowly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, and adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Female inflorescences borne in axil of new shoots, solitary, ca. 2 cm; rachis and bracts brown tomentose. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, outside whitish pilose but glabrescent, inside grayish brown tomentose; bracts in 5-9 rings, loosely arranged, margin dentate. Nut broadly ovoid, 0.8-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Jul, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: brown
bract count low: 5, high: 9
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
inflorescence axil size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis subhinoidea Trees to 13 m tall. Branchlets with yellowish brown, 6-8-furcate, stellate tomentose hairs when young, soon glabrescent; dark brown and sparsely lenticellate with age. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade grayish green, oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, 7-12 × 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, glabrous, base broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin sharply serrate with serrate points callose, apex acuminate to somewhat caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins (15-)17-22 on each side of midvein, fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule saucer-shaped, 1-1.5 × ca. 3 cm, outside velutinous; bracts in 8 or 9 rings, basal ones wider and erose, middle 3 or 4 denser, apical ones incurved at cupule rim. Nut oblate, 1-1.5 × 2.5-3 cm, apex impressed; scar ca. 1.8 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, umbonate, yellowish gray puberulent. Fr. Aug-Dec (on 1-year-old branchlets).
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 9
low: 3, high: 4
bract location location: basal
branch color color: yellow-brown
color: brown
branch count low: 6, high: 8
branch shape shape: stellate
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: gray-green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate-elliptic
shape: caudate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 15, low: 17, high: 22
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-gray
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 13, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets whitish, glabrous, slightly sulcate, densely lenticellate; lenticels whitish. Petiole 2-4 cm, black when dry, glabrous; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-25 × 5-10 cm, papery, glabrous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially glossy-green, base broadly cuneate, margin entire to remotely crenate and apically serrate, apex somewhat caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially prominent, parallel; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence 2-6 cm; cupules 3-5. Infructescence ca. 10 cm, with 1-5 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 1.5 × 2-4 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, outside thinly grayish velutinous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin undulately denticulate. Nut oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, apex depressed; scar 2-2.5 cm in diam., flat; stylopodium persistent, slightly raised. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: white
branch lenticel color color: white
fruit count low: 1, high: 5
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole color color: black
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis thorelii Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, densely with tawny stellate hairs when young, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels whitish, small. Petiole 1-3 cm, hairy, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 12-17 × 3.5-7 cm, subleathery, light orangish brown tomentose when young, glabrescent, abaxially grayish brown, adaxially bright green, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire near base but otherwise spinose serrate, apex acute to caudate; midvein adaxially raised; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, branching near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Cupule bowl-shaped to cupular, 1.5-2 × ca. 3 cm, enclosing most of nut and ca. 0.5 mm longer than it, apically incurved, outside and inside tawny tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts in 8 or 9(-12) rings, margin subentire. Nut oblate, 1-1.5 × 2.5-3 cm, densely light brown tomentose, apex depressed; scar ca. 2 cm in diam., flat. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 8, high: 9, max: 12
branch hair shape shape: stellate
branch lenticel color color: white
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: orange-brown
color: gray-brown
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 17, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 7.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: tree
habit: branching
plant shape shape: saucerlike
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 3, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.5, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis tiaoloshanica Trees to 12 m tall. First-year branchlets minutely angular, with light brown woolly floss; 2nd-year branchlets indistinctly lenticellate. Leaves crowded apically on branchlets; petiole 6-8 mm, pale brown woolly when young; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 4-10 × 1.2-3 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially light brown floccose-tomentose when young, base cuneate, margin entire or apically 2-5-crenate, apex acute; midvein adaxially flat; secondary veins 5-7 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 5-15 mm; cupules 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside grayish brown pubescent, inside brown villous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal ones denticulate, apical 2 or 3 ones narrow and with margin entire. Nut ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.2 × 1.4-1.6 cm, puberulent, glabrescent but apically remaining puberulent with age; scar 6-9 mm in diam., flat or impressed; stylopodium persistent, slightly raised. Fl. Jan-Feb, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
branch color color: brown
branch count low: 2
branch shape shape: angular
inflorescence color sex: female, color: gray-brown
sex: female, color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 15, length_units: mm
sex: female, diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf margin count low: 2, high: 5
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: crenate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 10, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 7
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis tomentosinervis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, villous when young, soon glabrescent. Petiole 2-3.5 cm, adaxially sulcate; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 7-15 × 3-5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish brown tomentose (denser so along veins), adaxially bright green and glabrous, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire or apically indistinctly serrulate, apex caudate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences 5-7 cm; rachis villous. Cupule bowl-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.3-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, outside pubescent, inside orangish brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of apical 2 entire, others triangular denticulate. Nut ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-1.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar 5-8 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent. Fr. Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin count low: 2
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: triangular-denticulate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: orange-brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.7, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis xanthotricha Trees to 8 m tall. Branchlets slender, dark purple, finely sulcate, sparsely lenticellate by 2nd year; lenticels white, small. Petiole 5-10 mm, puberulent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 5-8 × 1.5-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially grayish green and with simple hairs and base of midvein with brown sericeous hairs, adaxially green, base cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescences 2-5 cm. Cupule obconic, 4-6 × 6-10 mm, enclosing ca. 2/5 of nut, outside puberulent, inside pale brown sericeous, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, margin denticulate to subentire. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.9-1.3 × 0.7-1 cm; scar 4-6 mm in diam., convex; stylopodium persistent, raised, puberulent.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 5, high: 6
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
branch color color: purple
branch lenticel color color: white
infructescences size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base color color: brown
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
leaf hair color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: persistent
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: obconic
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 8, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 6, width_low: 6, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.9, length_high: 1.3, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis yin-qianii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis yingjiangensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets slender, dark purple when dry, slightly sulcate, subglabrous, lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole slender, 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 9-12 × 3-4 cm, abaxially green, farinose, sparsely with stellate hairs, and glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes oblique, margin serrate, apex acuminate. Fruit solitary. Cupule saucer-shaped, ca. 3 cm in diam., wall ca. 2 mm thick. Nut ovoid-conical, ca. 2 × 3 cm.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: purple
branch lenticel color color: gray
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 12, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, width_low: 3, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, thick. Petiole 2.5-4 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, 13-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous when young, abaxially glabrous but glaucous with age, base ± truncate to somewhat auriculate, margin serrulate, apex acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 14-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate. Infructescence rachises basally ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule funnelform, 0.6-1.2 × 1.4-1.8 cm; bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin of basal 2 or 3 rings irregularly denticulate but others entire, outside yellowish brown pilose and with scalelike trichomes, inside densely yellowish brown appressed tomentose. Nuts ovoid-ellipsoid to appressed orbicular, 1.2-1.8 × 1.4-1.8 cm; scar 6-11 mm in diam.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 7
bract margin color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-brown
bract margin count low: 2, high: 3
bract margin location location: basal
bract margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
margin_shape: entire
branch color color: purple-brown
infructescence size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: truncate
shape: auriculate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: funnelform
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
shape: orbicular
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 11, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagaceae Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Trees or rarely shrubs, monoecious, evergreen or deciduous. Stipules usually early deciduous. Leaves alternate, sometimes false-whorled in Cyclobalanopsis. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous with female cupules at the base of an otherwise male inflorescence. Male inflorescences a pendulous head or erect or pendulous catkin, sometimes branched; flowers in dense cymules. Male flower: sepals 4-6(-9), scalelike, connate or distinct; petals absent; filaments filiform; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; with or without a rudimentary pistil. Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9)-loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, and Formanodendron), without endosperm; embryo large. Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900-1000 species: worldwide except for tropical and S Africa; seven genera and 294 species (163 endemic, at least three introduced) in China. Many species are important timber trees. Nuts of Fagus, Castanea, and of most Castanopsis species are edible, and oil is extracted from nuts of Fagus. Nuts of most species of this family contain copious amounts of water soluble tannin. Members of the Fagaceae are the main element of both broad-leaved evergreen and mixed mesophytic forests from 500-3200 m. Huang Chengchiu, Chang Yongtian, Hsu Yongchun & Jen Hsienwei. 1998. Fagaceae. In: Chun Woonyong & Huang Chengchiu, eds. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 22: 1-332.
Trait Label Trait Data
filament shape shape: filiform
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1, high: 7
ovary count low: 3, high: 6, max: 9
low: 2
ovary floral location floral_location: inferior
perianth count low: 1, high: 7
petal count min: 0
pistil count low: 1
plant count low: 12
low: 900, high: 1000
low: 294
low: 163
low: 1998
low: 22
low: 1, high: 332
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant reproduction reproduction: monoecious
reproduction: unisexual
plant size length_low: 500, length_high: 3200, length_units: m
seed count low: 1
sepal count low: 4, high: 6, max: 9
sepal shape shape: connate
stipule duration duration: deciduous
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus Trees deciduous. Bark smooth. Winter buds elongated, reddish brown, apex acute. Leaves alternate, 2-ranked, plicate in bud; secondary veins ± parallel. Male inflorescence in leaf axils toward base of branchlets, a lax pedunculate head; flowers many; perianth 4-7-lobed; stamens 8-16; rudimentary ovary pubescent. Female inflorescences in axils of leaves; flowers usually 2, subtended by a single (3-or)4-parted cupule and surrounded by numerous bracts; styles 3, recurved. Cupules woody, (3 or)4-valved; bracts leaflike or filiform to short, triangular. Nuts (1 or)2(or 3), ovoid to 3-sided. Germination epigeal; cotyledons plicate.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: filiform
shape: triangular
bud apex shape shape: acute
bud color color: red-brown
cotyledon shape shape: plicate
flower count low: 2
low: 3
low: 4
leaf ranked count low: 2
leaf shape shape: plicate
perianth lobe count low: 4, high: 7
plant count min: 3, low: 4
min: 1, low: 2, max: 3
low: 3
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
habit: epigeal
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
stamen count low: 8, high: 16
style count low: 3
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus engleriana Trees to 25 m tall. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-ovate, or rarely oblong-ovate, 5-9(-11) cm, abaxially glaucescent and glabrous except for long silky hairs along veins, base broadly cuneate to sometimes rounded or subcordate, margin sinuate, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, curving upward, fusing near margin. Peduncle 2-7 cm. Cupule 1.5-1.8 cm; basal bracts greenish, leaflike, glabrous, veined; apical bracts brownish, filiform, hairy. Nuts slightly exserted, apex with 3 small wings. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color location: basal, color: green
color: brown
bract shape shape: filiform
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: subcordate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: sinuate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: oblong-ovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_max: 11, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
peduncle size length_low: 2, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex count low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus hayatae Trees to 20 m tall. Winter buds to 1.5 cm. Leaf blade rhomboid-ovate, 3-7 cm, covered with silky pubescence when young, glabrescent except for glandular dots and tufts of hair on midvein and abaxially on axils of secondary veins, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, apex acute to shortly acuminate; veins blackish when dry; midvein flexuous toward apex; secondary veins 5-9 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth. Peduncle 0.5-2 cm, pilose. Cupule 7-10 mm; bracts linear, recurved, 1-3 mm, pilose. Nut as long as cupule, with very small wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
bud size length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: rhomboid-ovate
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
leaf vein color color: black
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 9
peduncle size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus hayatae subsp. pashanica
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus longipetiolata Trees to 25 m tall. Winter buds to 2 cm. Petiole 1-3.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 9-15 cm, abaxially finely densely pubescent and glaucescent, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, margin remotely serrate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth. Peduncle 1-10 cm. Cupule 2-2.5 cm; bracts linear, recurved, pubescent, apical ones to 7 mm but basally shorter. Nut as long or slightly shorter than cupule, with narrowed wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
bract size length_high: 7, length_units: mm
bud size length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 15
peduncle size length_low: 1, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Fagus lucida Trees to 25 m tall. Winter buds ca. 1.5 cm. Petiole 0.6-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5-11 cm, lustrous green and glabrous except for silky pubescence abaxially on midvein, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin slightly sinuate, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, ending in minute teeth. Peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, glabrous. Cupule 1-1.5 cm; bracts tuberculate, closely appressed, triangular mucronate, 1-2 mm, rarely apical ones slightly ascending. Nut slightly exserted, with minute or hardly evident wings near apex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular-mucronate
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
bud size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: sinuate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-ovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 11, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
peduncle size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 0.6, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Formanodendron Trees. Winter buds ovoid; scales imbricate. Stipules free. Leaves alternate. Inflorescences axillary, male, female, or androgynous. Male inflorescences borne on basal part of branches, initially erect then becoming ± pendulous and flexuous; flowers in fascicles of (1-)3-7, each cluster subtended by 1 bract and 2 bractlets; perianth basally connate, imbricate, 6-lobed; stamens 6 and opposite to lobes, anthers ± basifixed but not versatile. Female or androgynous inflorescences erect, borne on apical part of branches. Female flowers solitary or in fascicles of 3-7, subtended by 3-5 bracts; perianth imbricate, lobes 6 and adnate to ovary; staminodes 6, morphologically similar to stamens and often appearing fertile; ovary 3-loculed; styles 3, curved; stigma capitate. Cupules splitting into 3-5 valves; bracts scalelike, transversely arranged. Nuts 1-3(-7) per cupule, prismatic, apex with persistent perianth and styles; pericarp winged; endocarp tomentose. Germination epigeal.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 2
bud shape shape: ovoid
flower count min: 1, low: 3, high: 7
sex: female, low: 3, high: 7
inflorescence location sex: male, location: basal
ovary count low: 3
perianth duration duration: persistent
perianth lobe count low: 6
low: 6
perianth shape shape: connate
plant count low: 3, high: 5
low: 1, high: 3, max: 7
plant habit habit: tree
habit: epigeal
stamen count low: 6
low: 6
style count low: 3
style shape shape: curved
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Formanodendron doichangensis Trees to 21 m tall. Young branchlets rust-colored pubescent but dark brown with age. Stipules triangular, pubescent; scar not clear. Petiole 5-12 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: brown
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 21, height_units: m
stipule shape shape: triangular
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen. Winter buds terminal, ovoid to ellipsoid, scales spirally imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves spirally arranged. Inflorescences male, female, or androgynous, in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in a dense paniculate cluster on subterminal shoots, ± erect. Male inflorescences erect, simple or branched; flowers usually 3-5(-7) in dichasial clusters; perianth 4-6-lobed; stamens 10-12; rudimentary pistil small, enclosed by hairs. Female flowers solitary or in clusters of (2 or)3(-5), 1 or 2(or 3) well developed; perianth 6-lobed; staminodes 10-12; ovary 3(-6) loculed; styles (2 or)3(-5), (0.5-)1-2(-3) mm; stigmas a terminal pore. Cupules grouped together in cymes on rachis but often many aborted, corky, horny, woody, or crustaceous, completely or partly enclosing nut; bracts variously shaped. Nut 1 per cupule. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons flat-convex (although surface between cotyledons may not be completely flat).
Trait Label Trait Data
bud shape location: terminal, shape: ovoid
location: terminal, shape: ellipsoid
cotyledon shape shape: convex
flower count low: 3, high: 5, max: 7
sex: female, min: 2, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 1, high: 2, max: 3
ovary count low: 3, max: 6
perianth lobe count low: 4, high: 6
low: 6
plant count low: 1
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant rachis woodiness woodiness: woody
stamen count low: 10, high: 12
low: 10, high: 12
style count min: 2, low: 3, max: 5
style size length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.0, length_max: 3.0, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus amoenus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate; branchlets and inflorescences densely tawny to grayish brown tomentose. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 12-18 × 4-8 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially covered with ± loose, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially tomentose and with pulveraceous scalelike trichomes when young, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, slightly impressed adaxially, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially usually conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3 in a panicle. Cupule globose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., usually completely enclosing nut; bracts of young cupules linear, 3-6 mm, slightly incurved, cross section terete to nearly so, grayish puberulent, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts of mature cupules reduced to scars or apical ones to shortly linear scales. Nut subglobose, 1.6-2.2 × 1.6-2 cm, densely covered with tawny appressed minute hairs; scar at most covering ca. 1/4 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: linear
shape: terete
shape: linear
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence axil count sex: male, low: 3
inflorescence color color: gray-brown
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus amygdalifolius Trees to 30 m tall; young shoots and young leaf blades abaxially densely covered with tawny crisp hairs, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 8-15 × 2.5-4 cm, ca. 20 × 9 cm on young shoots, thickly leathery, abaxially often oily when young and dry, grayish and covered with waxy scalelike trichomes in mature leaf blades, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely undulate near apex to obtusely undulate-dentate, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or obscure. Male inflorescencess solitary or in a panicle; rachis densely pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis 2-4 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., smooth, completely enclosing nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts usually fused with cupule into intercepted concentric rings, triangular to multilateral. Nut subglobose 1.8-2 cm in diam., puberulent at apex, wall 1.5-2 mm and slightly thicker than wall of cupule; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Mar-Sep, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: undulate-dentate
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 20, width_low: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.8, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus apricus Trees 2-5 m tall. Branchlets grayish puberulent at apex, blackish when dry, densely lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 8-15 × 3.5-6 cm, subleathery, with reddish brown, lamellate, glaucous, pulverulous scalelike glands when young, base acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, usually fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences racemose or rarely paniculate, 8-12 cm. Infructescences 5-12 cm; rachis 6-12 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.2 × 1.4-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/2 or slightly more of nut, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, with reddish, lamellate scalelike glands and short hairs. Nut depressed globose, 1.1-1.6 × 1.4-2.2 cm, usually with longitudinal fissures, glabrous, apex ± flat, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar at basal part of nut, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., slightly convex. Fr. Aug-Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: red
bract shape shape: triangular
branch apex color color: black
branch color color: gray
branch lenticel color color: gray
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
infructescences count low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 12, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: red-brown
color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 2, height_high: 5, height_units: m
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus arcaula Trees to 30 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets dark purplish brown. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong, 10-20 × 5-8 cm, papery, concolorous, without scalelike glands, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Male inflorescences in a panicle or sometimes solitary, 15-30 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences 25-40 cm; rachis pubescent; cupules in clusters of (3-)5-7. Infructescences 20-40 cm; rachis base 8-18 mm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2 cm, wall ± woody; bracts imbricate or sometimes basal ones connate into concentric rings, sometimes triangular, appressed, obscure. Nut depressed conical, 1.4-2 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, ± white farinose, wall thin; scar 8-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract location location: basal
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
branch color color: purple-brown
inflorescence count min: 3, low: 5, high: 7, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 15, length_high: 30, length_units: cm
length_low: 25, length_high: 40, length_units: cm
infructescences base size thickness_low: 8, thickness_high: 18, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 20, length_high: 40, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus areca Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets grayish, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, 13-25 × 3.5-5.5 cm, papery, concolorous, both surfaces glabrous or with tuft of hairs at axils of veins, both ends attenuate, base decurrent on petiole, margin with a few sharp teeth from middle to apex or sometimes entire; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein and usually adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary or rarely in a panicle, 5-8 cm, densely flowered; rachis slender. Female inflorescences 4-10 cm, often androgynous with female flowers on basal part of rachis; cupules in clusters of 3-5, usually 1 developed. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 1.6-1.8 cm in diam., covering base of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-4 mm when young, to 8 mm when mature. Nut ellipsoid to long conical but flat at apical part, 4-5 × 2-3.5 cm, with 3 longitudinal obtuse ridges, glabrous, apex pointed, wall 2-3 mm thick; scar 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct, fr. Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_high: 8, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray
flower count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 1
flower location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 25, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 15
leaf vein shape shape: attenuate
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
plant base size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant count low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: obtuse
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 4, length_high: 5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus attenuatus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of last-year growth white farinose. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 7-13 × 2-4 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially glaucous when dry and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or sometimes undulate, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or obscure. Male inflorescences axillary, paniculate or racemose, 10-14 cm; rachis with grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes. Female inflorescences racemose, 10-12 cm; rachis sulcate, with grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules often solitary, scattered. Cupule globose, 3-3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, basally slightly narrowed into a stalk, wall less than 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; basal bracts united into concentric rings, triangular, apical ones reduced to a subulate tip or a wartlike appendage, small and obscure. Nut subglobose, 2-2.5 × 1.8-2.8 cm, white farinose, base flat, apex slightly narrowed and obtuse, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 7-12 mm in diam., concave to 1-1.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Jun-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
location: basal, shape: subulate
branch color color: white
inflorescence rachis color sex: male, color: gray
sex: female, color: gray
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 10, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: obtuse
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 12, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
stalk size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus bacgiangensis Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or occasionally ovate, 10-15 × 3-6 cm, papery, ± rigid, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3-5 arranged in a panicle; rachis densely scurfy. Female and androgynous inflorescences with cupules in cluster of 2 or 3. Infructescences 8-18 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.5-1 × 1.2-2 cm, enclosing rarely 1/2 of nut, basally with a stalk 3-5 mm, wall to 2 mm and woody near base; bracts triangular, small, densely tawny scurfy. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1-2 × 1.2-2.5 cm, densely covered with tawny minute hairs, apex rounded to pointed; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Mar, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence axil count sex: male, low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence count low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
stalk size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
length_high: 2, length_units: mm
stalk woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus balansae Trees to 30 m tall. Branches of last-year growth yellowish gray, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 10-38 × 5-13 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially glaucous when dry and with waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and ± decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins reticulate, conspicuous on both surfaces. Male inflorescences paniculate; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 5-7 scattered on rachis. Infructescences ca. 15 cm; rachis base 6-10 mm thick. Cupule obovoid, subglobose, or irregularly shaped, to 5 × 8 cm, completely enclosing nut, wall 0.5-1.5 cm thick and corky; bracts reduced to spiral or concentric lines. Nut subglobose, 2.5-3.5 × 2-3 cm, wall 2-3 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Cotyledons plicate. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: yellow-gray
cotyledon shape shape: plicate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 5, high: 7, group: cluster
infructescences base size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 38, width_low: 5, width_high: 13, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: obovoid
shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 5, width_low: 8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus bonnetii Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets stout, terete, tawny tomentose. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, thick; leaf blade oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, 15-24 × 6-9 cm, leathery, abaxially tawny tomentose when young, base narrowed, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex acute; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, apical ones abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous, ± parallel. Infructescences 6-13 cm; rachis tawny tomentose. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but only 1 or 2 devel- oped, 0.8-1 × 1.6-1.8 cm, enclosing slightly more than 1/2 of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-3 mm, puberulent. Nut depressed conical, 1.2-1.4 × 1.4-1.6 cm, apex narrowed, wall less than 0.5 mm thick; scar 8-9 mm in diam., deeply concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
branch shape shape: terete
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 13, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 24, width_low: 6, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant count low: 3
low: 1, high: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus brachystachyus Trees 3-8 m tall; bud scales and young leaf blades often with brown ± translucent resin when dry. Branchlets dark brown to blackish when dry, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 3-7 × 1-3 cm, rigidly leathery, dark brown when dry, abaxially with grayish adherent waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to caudate-acuminate with tip obtuse to rounded. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, rarely in clusters of 2-4, 3-5 cm; rachis slender, 1-2 mm thick. Female inflorescences rarely over 5 cm; rachis grayish scurfy; cupules 3-10 or solitary; cupule stalks ca. 1 mm, 4-7 mm in fruit. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ± united into concentric rings from base to middle of cupule, triangular, obscure. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1-1.4 × 1.2-1.6 cm, glabrous, base flat; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Nov or Feb, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
color: black
inflorescence count sex: male, low: 2, high: 4, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 3, high: 10
inflorescence rachis color sex: female, color: gray
inflorescence rachis size sex: male, thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate-acuminate
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: brown
color: brown
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, width_low: 1, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 3, height_high: 8, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
stalk size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown, sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade usually ovate, sometimes elliptic, oblong, or suborbicular, 6-15 × 4-6.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with pulverulent scalelike glands, base broadly cuneate, subrounded, or acute, ± auriculate, and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute, acuminate, or long caudate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous, reticulate. Male inflorescences arranged in a panicle, 4-8 cm; rachis tawny puberulent. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary. Cupule disc-shaped to cupular, rarely to 7 mm, 1.4-2 cm in diam., enclosing 1/8-1/6 of nut, outside tawny puberulent, wall to 3 mm and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, squamose. Nut broadly conical, 1.4-2.2 cm in diam., often ± white farinose, apex shortly pointed or flat, wall ca. 3 mm thick near base; scar at base of nut, 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: purple-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
shape: auriculate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 15, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
plant base size diameter_low: 0.9, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_high: 7, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
length_high: 3, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus calolepis Trees ca. 15 m tall. Young branchlets dark purplish brown, conspicuously sulcate. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, 8-15 × 2.5-5 cm, rigidly papery, base shortly cuneate to broadly so, margin entire, apex shortly to long acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female and androgynous inflorescences 6-18 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 6-10 mm thick, basally minutely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.5-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm, basally narrowed; bracts triangular to rhomboid, squamate, appressed, with grayish puberulent scalelike glands, sometimes basal ones connate into 2 or 3 concentric rings. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 2-2.5 cm, apex rounded to ± flat, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract gland count low: 2, high: 3
bract gland location location: basal
bract gland shape shape: connate
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: purple-brown
inflorescence count low: 3
inflorescence size length_low: 6, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus calophyllus Trees to 28 m tall. Young branchlets sparsely puberulent above middle; branchlets of last year growth blackish, lenticellate. Petiole 2.5-5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 8-15 × 4-9 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely tawny to rusty scurfy when young and ± glaucous with age, adaxially glabrous, base subrounded to slightly auriculate and sometimes asymmetric, apex acute to acuminate with a caudate tip; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, less than 3 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis 5-6 mm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary on basal part of rachis. Cupule 0.5-1 × 1.5-2.5 cm, shallowly cupular, enclosing 1/6-1/5 of nut, wall to 3 mm thick and thickly woody near base. Nut 1.5-2 × 1.8-2.6 cm, often slightly white farinose, apex flat with a ± concave to shortly pointed center, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: black
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: auriculate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 28, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus carolineae Trees to 20 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences and leaf blade vein axils. Branchlets of current year sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, 13-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, dark brown when dry, with tuft of stellate hairs on axils of veins, base cuneate, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex shortly caudate; secondary veins 15-20 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth or abruptly curving apically near margin and gradually obscured. Infructescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-1.5 × 3-4 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, dark brown when dry, basally with a short stalk; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, base rhomboid, midvein thickened. Nut depressed globose, 2.4-3 × 4-4.5 cm, ± glossy, apex flat with a ± concave center, wall 6-10 mm thick; scar 2.5-3 cm in diam., margin concave but center ± convex. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: rhomboid
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
infructescence color color: brown
infructescence count low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescence size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: convex
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus caudatilimbus Trees 15-25 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate. Petiole 3-4 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 7-14 × 3-8 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex abruptly acute, shortly caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 6-10 cm. Female inflorescences solitary or in pairs, terminal on branches; cupules stalked, often solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 2.5-3 × 2-2.5 cm including stalk, enclosing 1/2-3/4 of nut, wall (0.5-)1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, wartlike, apical ones reduced to scars. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-1.8 × 1.8-2.3 cm, glabrous, base flat, wall. ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence location sex: female, location: terminal
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 3, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 15, height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_min: 0.5, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus chifui Trees to 20 m tall. Young branchlets slightly sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2.8 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 15-30 × 6-12 cm, leathery, abaxially with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish brown when dry, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, often fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate, basal spike 3-4 cm; rachis tawny scurfy. Female inflorescences 10-18 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 17 cm; rachis base 6-10 mm thick, basal part lenticellate and without fruit. Cupule globose, 2.5-3 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts squamose when young, in 3-5 thin concentric ridges on mature cupule. Nut subglobose, 1.8-2 cm in diam., apex with minute tawny hairs, wall 2-2.5 mm thick and woody; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 3, high: 5
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size location: basal, length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
infructescences base location location: basal
infructescences base size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 17, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 6, width_high: 12, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.8, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
plant hair woodiness woodiness: woody
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.8, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus chiungchungensis Trees 5-10 m tall; branchlets and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny pubescent. Petiole 0.8-1.2 cm; leaf blade obovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 6-15 × 2-5 cm, rigidly papery, pubescent but early glabrescent, abaxially ± glaucous and with waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate, apex caudate-acuminate; midvein pilose abaxially; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous or not visible. Male inflorescences sometimes androgynous, 2-5 cm; rachis with short, tomentose hairs. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences 9-15 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule globose to ± depressed, 1.5-2 cm in diam., usually completely enclosing nut, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous when dry; bracts triangular to shortly subulate, small. Nut depressed globose, 0.7-1.2 × 1.2-1.8 cm, glabrous, apex flat; scar ± concave. Fl. Jul, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: subulate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 9, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus chrysocomus Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets of current year and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny puberulent and with scurfy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, oblong, or rarely lanceolate, (6-)8-15 × (1.5-)2.5-5.5 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely covered with lax yellowish brown to reddish brown, scurfy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in paniculate clusters, usually androgynous. Female inflorescences in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences less than 5 cm; developed cupules 2-6. Cupule subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, puberulent and with rust-colored scalelike trichomes when young, apex subulate and spreading. Nut subglobose but broadest apically, 1.7-1.8 × 1.2-2 cm, densely covered with tawny, appressed minute hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: subulate
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences count low: 2, high: 6
infructescences shape shape: subglobose
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: red-brown
leaf habit habit: lax
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_min: 6, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cinereus Trees. Branches glabrous; branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 8-11 × 2-3.5 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially grayish green, dark grayish brown when dry, and with waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire or obscurely undulate near apex and ± recurved, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescences 8-10 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick, basally lenticellate; lenticels brown; cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but only 1 developed. Cupule cupular, 1.6-2.2 × 2-2.5 cm, broadest slightly from middle to apex, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, basally narrowed, wall 2-4 mm thick; basal bracts fused to wall except for a subulate tip, triangular, with lax dark grayish brown waxy scalelike trichomes, apical ones smaller, imbricate. Nut broadly conical, 1.6-2 × 1.6-2 cm, densely covered with tawny appressed minute hairs, wall 1-1.5 mm; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex but margin impressed. Fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: subulate
location: basal, shape: triangular
infructescences count low: 3
low: 1
infructescences lenticel color color: brown
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-green
color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 11, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant hair size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
plant shape shape: convex
plant size length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cleistocarpus Trees 5-10 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to oblong, 9-16 × 3-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, laxly spaced. Male inflorescences solitary in a paniculate cluster; rachis with lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Female and androgynous inflorescences with cupules in clusters of 3-5 scattered on rachis. Infructescences 7-10 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule subglobose or turbinate, 2-2.5 cm in diam., enclosing 2/3 to most of nut, apically flat, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick at middle; basal bracts fused to wall and reduced to scars, apically triangular, appressed, and covered with tawny or grayish brown, minute, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut turbinate, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, apex slightly concave, ± flat, or arcuate-convex; scar covering 1/2-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. summer to winter of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color location: basal, color: gray-brown
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
inflorescence count low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 16, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: convex
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: turbinate
shape: turbinate
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cleistocarpus var. cleistocarpus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cleistocarpus var. omeiensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus collettii Trees 8-25 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown, sulcate, sparsely hairy and with early glabrescent, stellate scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, base thickened; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, (6-)15-28 × 3.5-5(-11) cm, thinly papery to rigid and crustaceous, abaxially with scalelike trichomes when young and glaucous with age, base attenuate, decurrent on petiole, and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute, acuminate, or shortly caudate; midvein sparsely hairy abaxially; secondary veins (6-)14-20 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; rachis ca. 4 mm thick, obscurely lenticellate; cupules in clusters of 3-5 but 1 or 2 developed. Cupule cupular, 4-10 mm × 1.5-2.2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/4 of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts broadly triangular, with grayish minute hairs. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, apex flat to rounded; scar 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: purple-brown
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence count low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
low: 1, high: 2
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 4, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_min: 6, length_low: 15, length_high: 28, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_max: 11.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 6, low: 14, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus confinis Trees to 10 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets blackish when dry. Petiole rarely to 1 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 5-13 × 1.2-3.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially ± glaucous and with scalelike glands, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate to obtuse; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, irregularly spaced, sometimes ramified far from margin; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle; rachis glabrous or subglabrous. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2-6 at apex of branches; rachis ± puberulent, with tawny scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 4-7 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-3 mm × 1-1.6 cm, covering only base of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, very small, appressed, with puberulent scalelike glands. Nut depressed globose to rarely conical, 1-1.8 × 1.4-2 cm, sometimes ± white farinose, apex ± flat with a concave center to rarely shortly pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 5-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: black
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 6, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 3
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 13, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_high: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant base size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus Trees usually less than 15 m tall. Branchlets light tawny, dark gray, or silver-gray, glabrous or pubescent, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels raised. Leaves usually congested at apex of branches; petiole 0.5-4.5 cm; leaf blade (5-)10-15 × 2-4.5 cm, papery to leathery, concolorous, with ± translucent, minute (visible under hand lens) scalelike glands, base cuneate to subrounded and symmetric or oblique, margin dentate, shallowly undulate, or rarely entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9-26 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences often with female flowers borne at base of rachis; Female inflorescences less than 10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescences 5-7; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule cupular to subglobose, 2.2-4.5 × 2.5-5.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall (1-)2-3 mm thick, woody, and basally thickened; bracts triangular to rhomboid, center and margin ridged or fused with cupule and ± united into concentric rings. Nut subglobose to turbinate, rarely glabrous, apex rounded, flat, or slightly concave, wall ± horny and usually thicker than wall of cupule; scar covering 1/2 to most of nut, convex. Cotyledons 4-8-lobed. Fl. almost all year around but mainly May-Jul, fr. maturing on 1-year-old branchlets.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: gray
color: silver-gray
cotyledon lobe count low: 4, high: 8
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_units: cm
infructescences count low: 5, high: 7
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: symmetric
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: entire
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 26
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 4.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant count low: 1
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: turbinate
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 4.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
thickness_min: 1, thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. angustifolius
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. corneus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. fructuosus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. hainanensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. rhytidophyllus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus corneus var. zonatus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus craibianus Trees to 20 m tall; young branchlets, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of female inflorescences covered with tawny to grayish, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 12-19 × 4-7 cm, leathery, adaxially oily when young and dry, base acute to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to very slender. Male inflorescences axillary or rarely paniculate, to 15 cm. Female or androgynous inflorescences to 30 cm; cupules in clusters of 5-7. Cupule globose to slightly depressed, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apically with a short, convex nipple, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, subulate, appressed, with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut subglobose, 1.3-1.8 cm, 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., sparsely covered with appressed minute hairs especially at apex, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: subulate
inflorescence color sex: female, color: gray
inflorescence count low: 5, high: 7, group: cluster
inflorescence shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
inflorescence size sex: male, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
length_high: 30, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 19, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.8, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus crassifolius Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when dry, lenticellate. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 5-9 × 3-5 cm, rigidly leathery, yellowish brown when dry, abaxially covered with appressed hairs on midvein and with waxy scalelike trichomes when young, base broadly cuneate, margin entire and slightly recurved, apex rounded, obtuse, or rarely acute; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, sometimes ramified near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis 4-6 mm thick, glabrous, lenticellate; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.2 × 1.5-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, with loose, rust-colored, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed, 1-1.2 × 1.5-1.8 cm, glabrous; scar covering 1/4-1/3 of nut, convex but margins ± impressed. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
infructescences count low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 9, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cryptocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 18-25 × 6-8 cm, papery, concolorous or abaxially ± glaucous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis base 7-10 mm thick, scurfy. Cupule depressed globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 2.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, grayish brown when dry. Nut slightly depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., glabrous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar slightly concave, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
infructescences base size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 18, length_high: 25, width_low: 6, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cucullatus Trees ca. 15 m tall; young branchlets and young leaf blades tawny tomentose. Branchlets of last-year growth blackish, obscurely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 6-11 × 1.5-3 cm, rigidly papery, adaxially with a thick layer of tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes and sometimes with minute wrinkles when dry, base cuneate, margin entire or sometimes shallowly undulate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Androgynous inflorescence to 18 cm; rachis densely tawny tomentose with short hairs. Female inflorescences 6-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 4-5 cm. Cupule obconic, ca. 1.7 cm, enclosing most of nut, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; basal bracts fused to wall and reduced to scars, apically separate from wall by a subulate apex, appressed, and ovate-triangular, tawny puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes when young, glabrescent. Nut broadly conical, ca. 1.4 cm in diam., with appressed minute hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape location: basal, shape: subulate
bract shape location: basal, shape: ovate-triangular
branch color color: black
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size length_high: 18, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 4, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 11, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: obconic
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.7, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus cyrtocarpus Trees 10-18 m tall. Branchlets densely pubescent and with early glabrescent, brown long hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 5-10 × 2-4 cm, papery, concolorous, abaxially covered with stellate, minute scalelike trichomes and sparsely pilose on midvein, adaxially crisply pubescent when young, base acute and sometimes ± asymmetric, margin with a few undulate teeth, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, 3-6 cm; rachis slender, sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-5 cm; cupules solitary or in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule disc- to bowl-shaped, 1-2 × 3.5-4.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thickly woody; bracts clawlike, woody when dry, apex curved. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2.2 × 4-5 cm, densely tawny pubescent, apex flat, wall 1-1.5 cm thick and horny; scar 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., concave but with center conspicuously convex. Fl. Apr and Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: curved
bract woodiness woodiness: woody
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
inflorescence woodiness sex: female, woodiness: woody
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: stellate
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 18, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 4, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus damiaoshanicus Trees 5-9 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate; branchlets of last-year growth dark gray to blackish when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels tawny. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, white farinose when dry; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong, 5.5-13 × 2-6 cm, often asymmetric, thickly leathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially white farinose when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate and falcate; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident to inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary; rachis covered with lax, rust-colored, lamellate scalelike trichomes. Female inflorescence: cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but usually 1 or 2 developed. Infructescences rarely over 10 cm; rachis 4-8 mm thick, basally without fruit and sparsely lenticellate. Cupule broadly turbinate, 2-2.5 × 2-3 cm, completely or almost completely enclosing nut, apically flat, wall 3-5 mm thick in middle; basal bracts reduced to scars but apically imbricate to ± arranged in rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly depressed turbinate, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., puberulent, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering 1/2-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Nov-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
branch color color: gray
color: black
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
sex: female, low: 1, high: 2
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: falcate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: white
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 5.5, length_high: 13.0, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
petiole color color: white
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: turbinate
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 9, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus dealbatus Trees rarely to 20 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, rachis of inflorescences, and scales of cupule tawny tomentose with short hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 7-14 × 2-5 cm, thickly papery to leathery, concolorous or abaxially grayish and with waxy scale, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely apically shallowly undulate, apex acuminate to acute; midvein adaxially slightly raised and usually sparsely pubescent; secondary veins (8-)10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, ± parallel. Male inflorescences clustered at apex of branches, rarely to 15 cm. Female inflorescences sometimes androgynous, rarely to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences usually 5-8 cm. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.4 × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/2 to most of nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed or a few spreading. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, slightly smaller than cupule, apex rounded, ± flat, or rarely convex, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 (-1/2) of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: male, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 8, low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: convex
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius Trees ca. 10 m tall. Young shoots ± sulcate; branchlets of last year growth obscurely lenticellate. Petiole 4-8 mm, base ± thickened; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 5-14 × 1-2 cm, rigidly leathery, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or acute and usually slightly recurved; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially inconspicuous, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins not visible. Male inflorescences unknown. Infructescences 3-5 cm; rachis slender, 1.5-3 mm thick, conspicuously lenticellate. Cupules solitary, scattered on rachis, discoid, 3-6 mm × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thickly woody; bracts spirally arranged or basal ones united into concentric rings, triangular, small, appressed, tawny tomentose. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 1-1.4 cm, base flat, apex pointed; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-May, fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract location location: basal
bract shape shape: triangular
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 14, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant rachis location location: basal
plant rachis size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
plant rachis woodiness woodiness: woody
plant size height_low: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus ducampii
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus echinophorus Trees ca. 15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences covered with early glabrescent, short hairs. Branchlets blackish when dry, inconspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, 9-15 × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescences ca. 10 cm; rachis ca. 1.2 cm thick; immature cupules in clusters of ca. 3, oblong when young, apically flat. Cupule enclosing all of nut or occasionally only 1/2, wall ca. 3 mm thick; bracts linear to subulate, ± curved. Nut depressed globose; scar concave but center ± convex. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
shape: subulate
shape: curved
branch color color: black
infructescences count low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
infructescences shape shape: oblong
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 15, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus echinophorus var. bidoupensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus echinophorus var. chapensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus echinophorus var. echinophorus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus echinotholus Trees 10-20 m tall; young branchlets and leaf blades abaxially covered with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to rarely obovate-elliptic, 15-35 × 5-11 cm, rigidly papery, brown to brownish gray when dry, base acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences axillary, 8-12 cm. Female inflorescences 10-15 cm; rachis slender, densely pubescent, sometimes with a few male flowers near apex; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence rachis 4-6 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose, 1-2 × 2-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, often apically split, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts linear, curved, 3-5 mm, tawny appressed pubescent. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.5 × 2-2.8 cm, with tawny appressed ± glossy long hairs, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: brown
color: brown-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 35, width_low: 5, width_high: 11, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year covered with early glabrescent, tawny crisp hairs; branches of last-year growth blackish brown, with gray to pale yellowish brown, lamellate wax layer, densely and minutely lenticellate. Petiole 5-8(-10 or more) mm, base thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to sometimes narrowly oblanceolate, 7-15 × 1-2.5 cm, rigidly papery, with tawny crisp hairs on both surfaces when young, soon glabrescent, adaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences terminal panicles, 3-7 cm; rachis tomentose with tawny, short hairs. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 18 cm. Female inflorescence with rachis 2-3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 1-1.2 × 1.4-1.7 cm, enclosing 3/4-4/5 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, squamose, appressed, tawny scurfy. Nut ± depressed globose, 1-1.2 × 1.2-1.4 cm, glabrous, apex ± pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: black-brown
color: gray
color: yellow-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: spheric
sex: female, shape: subglobose
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
length_high: 18, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole count low: 5, high: 8
low: 10
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus elizabethiae Trees 9-15 m tall; branches and leaf blades glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 9-17 × 2-4 cm, thickly papery, concolorous to ± glaucous abaxially, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences 3-many in a panicle, sometimes solitary in axils of leaves; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-4 congested at apex of branches; cupules usually in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 4-6(-10) mm thick. Cupule subglobose, 1.5-3 × 1.5-2.8 cm, usually enclosing nut, apically abruptly narrowed and slightly elongated into a nipple, wall apically ca. 2 mm thick and basally to 4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular to rhomboid, apical ones incurved. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 1.4-2.4 cm in diam., wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.3-1.6 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: male, low: 3
sex: female, low: 2, high: 4
sex: female, low: 3
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_max: 10, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 17, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 9, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 2.4, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus elmerrillii Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, glabrous, dark brown when dry. Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to rarely obovate-elliptic, 10-17 × 3-6 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with adherent waxy scale and glaucous when dry, base attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically; tertiary veins slender, evident. Female inflorescences rachis 6-7 mm thick; cupules solitary, scattered above middle of rachis. Cupule bowl-shaped, 0.6-1 × 1.7-2.5 cm, basally narrowed into a stalk, wall woody; basal bracts usually united into concentric rings, others imbricate, triangular, appressed, apical ones smaller. Nut subglobose to depressed globose, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall to 2.5 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.6 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 17, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
stalk woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus eriobotryoides Trees 10-15 m tall; branches of current year and leaf blades abaxially with tawny stellate or forked long hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, obovate, or sometimes elliptic, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, base cuneate to broadly so and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, partly fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, ± parallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences ca. 12 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.8-2.2 cm, enclosing 1/8-1/5 of nut, wall to 2 mm thick and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, puberulent. Nut conical to ellipsoid, 2.5-3 × 1-1.5 cm, apex ± flattened, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar ca. 1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: stellate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus fangii Trees 8-15 m tall. Branchlets ± sulcate, tawny tomentose. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade obovate, elliptic, oblanceolate, or oblong, 5-10(-16) × 2-3(-4) cm, ± thickly papery, abaxially covered with appressed hairs more densely along midvein, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute and shortly caudate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences congested at apex of branches, to 12 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences terminal, to 15 cm. Female inflorescence with rachis 3-4 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule bowl-shaped, 7-9 mm × 1.8-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed, tawny scurfy. Nut subglobose, glabrous, apex ± narrowed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: male, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size location: terminal, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 7, length_high: 9, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_max: 16, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_max: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus farinulentus Trees 6-12 m tall. Branches glabrous, light brown, ± oily when dry. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to elliptic, 8-15 × 3-7 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially ± glaucous and with appressed, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Female inflorescences often with a few male flowers above middle of rachis, 8-22 cm; rachis 1.5-2.5 mm thick, glabrous or pulverulous; cupules in clusters of 2 or 3 but often solitary on basal part of rachis. Infructescences to 20 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 3-5 × 8-10 mm, enclosing basal part of nut, basally with a stalk 3-4 × 3-4 mm, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; bracts almost fused with cupule wall, basal ones united into 6-8 concentric rings, triangular, small. Nut broadly conical, 7-10 × 7-12 mm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall ca. 5 mm thick; scar 4-5 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract location location: basal
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
flower count sex: male, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
flower location sex: male, location: basal
flower rachis size sex: male, length_low: 8, length_high: 22, length_units: cm
sex: male, thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant size height_low: 6, height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 5, width_low: 8, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 7, length_high: 10, width_low: 7, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
stalk size length_low: 3, length_high: 4, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus fenestratus Trees 25-30 m tall. Branchlets of current year pubescent or with tawny lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 5-10 mm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 5-22 × 2-7 cm, papery to thickly papery, abaxially with yellowish gray to gray, adherent, waxy or lamellate scalelike trichomes, base cuneate to narrowly so and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein, sometimes adaxially impressed, abruptly arcuate apically near margin, apical ones often fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, numerous, subparallel. Male inflorescences usually in a panicle. Female inflorescences to 25 cm. Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3, only 1 or 2 developed. Cupule depressed globose, 1-2.8 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, sparsely covered with minute hairs and brown waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, wall 0.4-1 mm thick; scar 1-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract hair color color: brown
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
infructescences count low: 3
low: 1, high: 2
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-gray
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 22, width_low: 2, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 25, height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 2.8, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.4, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus fenzelianus Trees to 30 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, 10-18 × 3-6 cm, leathery, leaf blades of last year abaxially brownish gray to grayish and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate from middle to apex, apex caudate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, usually impressed adaxially; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescence ca. 15 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 10 cm; rachis 3-4 mm thick. Cupule globose to depressed globose, 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular when young, fused into 6-8 concentric rings on mature cupules, squamose. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., apex puberulent, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar covering more than 2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown-gray
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus floccosus Trees 7-10 m tall; young branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely floccose-tomentose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, abaxially with minute scalelike glands and floccose-tomentose but glabrescent, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute to shortly caudate and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Inflorescences usually androgynous, 8-15 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 5-9 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing 1/5-1/3 of nut, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick but basally × thickened; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, sparsely puberulent. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.5 cm in diam., ± white farinose; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., ± concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 7, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus fohaiensis Trees to 25 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences and nuts. Petiole 1-3 cm, base thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to rarely obovate-oblong, 15-24 × 5-8 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base broadly cuneate, decurrent on petiole, and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary or clustered; rachis densely tawny pubescent or sometimes glabrescent. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2 or 3 at apex of branches, to 25 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 0.8-1.3 × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts ± connate into concentric and ± raised rings, broadly triangular, densely rusty puberulent. Nut depressed globose to conical, 1.4-3 × 1.5-2.5 cm, densely tawny to rusty farinose. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 24, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.3, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus fordianus Trees usually less than 10 m tall; branchlets, leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences rachis tawny pilose and with stellate hairs. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 10-25 × 3-9 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin at least near apex remotely dentate, apex acute, caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins (15-)20-28 on each side of midvein, basal ones fusing near margin, apical ones ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Inflorescences usually androgynous, 3-10 cm; male flower on distal 1/2. Female inflorescence cupules fewer than 10, in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescence rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 2-3 × 2.5-3.5 cm, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular to rhomboid, center and margin ridged, tawny puberulent and scurfy or rarely glabrescent. Nut turbinate, ca. 2 × 3 cm, hairy, apex rounded or flat, wall 4-10 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 10
sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence hair shape shape: stellate
inflorescence size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: dentate
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, width_low: 3, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 15, low: 20, high: 28
leaf vein location location: basal
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, width_low: 3, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus formosanus Trees tall. Young shoots ± sulcate, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.3 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic and ± recurved, 5-8 × 2-3 cm, thickly leathery, rigid and crustaceous when dry, abaxially glaucous, turning grayish brown when dry, and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex rounded; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised or not; tertiary veins not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences congested at apex of branches, 3-6 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 3 cm; rachis equaling branches in thickness. Cupule discoid, ca. 3 mm × 1.2 cm; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, grayish tomentose. Nut broadly conical, ca. 1.3 × 1.6 cm, glabrous, apex pointed; scar ca. 8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
color: gray-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size length_low: 3, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, width_low: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus gaoligongensis Trees to 25 m tall. Branchlets of current year densely dark gray puberulent. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 15-20 × 5-8 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely pilose and scurfy on midvein when young, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, obscure. Infructescences to 7 cm; rachis ca. 9 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule shallowly cupular, 1-1.4 × 2-2.6 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, wall basally woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, thickened, adaxially ± raised, gray puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.4 cm, apex rounded; scar concave. Fl. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: gray
infructescences count low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 9, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 7, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
infructescences woodiness woodiness: woody
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 20, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus garrettianus Trees ca. 20 m tall. Branchlets stout, densely tawny tomentose. Petiole 1-2 cm, stout, hairy; leaf blade oblanceolate to sometimes ovate, 12-22 × 4-8 cm, leathery, tawny tomentose when young, abaxially glabrescent but with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes with age, base cuneate, apex acute; midvein abaxially pilose; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences spicate or paniculate; rachis tomentose. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule ca. 1.5 × 2-2.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ± 2/3 of nut, outside hairy, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts 4-6 mm, squamose when young but elongating after flowering and linear and curved in fruit. Nut depressed globose, 0.8-1.2 × 1.2-1.5 cm, apex ± pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. in Autumn of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract size length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
inflorescence count low: 3
inflorescence size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 22, width_low: 4, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.9, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus glaber Trees to 15 m tall; branchlets and rachis of inflorescences densely tawny tomentose. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose when young; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, 6-12 × 2.5-5.5 cm, leathery to thickly papery, abaxially with dense scalelike glands and shortly tomentose when young, base cuneate, margin entire or with 2-4 teeth on apical part, apex abruptly acute, shortly acute, or long acuminate; secondary veins rarely over 10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially usually not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle or solitary in leaf axils, to 15 cm. Female inflorescences often with a few male flowers; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences ca. 6 cm; rachis usually pubescent. Cupule plate- to cupular, 5-10 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/5-2/5 of nut, wall to 1.5 mm and woody near base; bracts imbricate or connate into concentric rings, triangular, small, appressed, densely puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 1.2-2.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm, ± white glaucous, apex pointed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 3-5(-8) mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Nov, fr. Jul-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
flower count sex: male, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence axil size sex: male, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf tooth count low: 2, high: 4
leaf vein count low: 10
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white-glaucous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_max: 8, diameter_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus grandifolius Trees 10-15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Petiole 5-10 mm; leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, or sometimes oblong, 15-40 × 5-15 cm, leathery to rigidly papery, concolorous, base often oblique and ± auriculate, subrounded, or rarely cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 13-20 on each side of midvein, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences usually solitary, occasionally 3-many in a panicle; rachis tomentose with short hairs, rarely glabrescent. Female inflorescences terminal, usually in pairs, to 20 cm; rachis base 1-1.6 cm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, usually 1 or 2 developed. Cupule cupular, ca. 2.6 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-2/3 of nut, wall to 4 mm near base and woody; basal bracts often connate into horizontal ridges, broadly ovate to broadly rhomboid, puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 1.5-2.2 × 2-2.6 cm, apex flat and ± concave or rarely rounded and pointed, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; scar 1.6-2 cm in diam., concave but center sometimes convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: connate
location: basal, shape: ovate
location: basal, shape: rhomboid
inflorescence base size sex: female, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.6, thickness_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: male, low: 3
sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 1, high: 2
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: oblique
shape: auriculate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 40, width_low: 5, width_high: 15, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
plant base woodiness woodiness: woody
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.6, diameter_units: cm
length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus gymnocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches and glabrous. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to sometimes obovate-elliptic, 11-13 × 3-5 cm, papery, concolorous, abaxially with early glabrescent stellate hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin usually entire or rarely apically with 1-3 obtuse teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 16-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescences to 18 cm; rachis base 7-10 mm thick, scurfy. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, ca. 3 cm in diam., covering basal 1/4 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, appressed, warty, grayish brown when dry. Nut slightly depressed globose, 2-2.5 × (3-)4.5 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 5 mm thick; scar concave but rarely with convex center, ca. 2 cm in diam. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
infructescences base size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 11, length_high: 13, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf tooth count low: 1, high: 3
leaf tooth shape shape: obtuse
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_min: 3.0, width_low: 4.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus haipinii Trees to 30 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely with grayish to tawny long hairs. Petiole 2-3.5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ovate, obovate, or obovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 4-8 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely pilose, margin recurved, apex rounded to acute, sometimes shortly cuneate, and often asymmetric; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein, secondary and tertiary veins adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, densely brown tomentose. Female inflorescences shorter than male, usually terminal at apex of branches, 6-14 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Young cupules completely enclosing nut; bracts linear. Mature cupules plate-shaped, 3-6 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, wall ± woody; bracts reflexed, tip hooked. Nut subglobose but slightly depressed, 1.8-2.6 × 2-3 cm, white farinose when young, base flat; scar 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Jul-Aug of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 6, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
inflorescence color sex: male, color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence location sex: female, location: terminal
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: acute
shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 13
petiole rachis color color: gray
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.6, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus hancei Trees usually less than 15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets ± tawny to gray, usually with a thin layer of translucent wax. Petiole 0.5-4 cm; leaf blade variable in shape and size, ovate, broadly elliptic, obovate-elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, thinly papery to rigidly leathery, concolorous and sometimes adaxially white farinose when dry, base usually decurrent on petiole, margin entire and ± recurved, apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 6-13 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially obscure, reticulate. Male inflorescences usually in a panicle, sometimes with female flowers from base to middle, rarely longer than 10 cm; rachis sometimes twisted. Female inflorescences 2-many congested at apex of branches; cupules usually in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary. Infructescence 6-8 cm; rachis less than 8 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to plate-shaped, 3-7 mm × 1-2 cm, enclosing nearly 1/3 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate and appressed or connate into a few concentric rings, triangular, squamose. Nut depressed globose, subglobose, or broadly conical, 0.8-2 × 0.6-2.5 cm, apex rounded, pointed, or rarely flat, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 5-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
branch color color: gray
flower base size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_units: cm
flower rachis shape sex: female, shape: twisted
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2
sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf color color: white
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus handelianus Trees to 28 m tall. Branchlets of current year stout, conspicuously sulcate, grayish brown pubescent; branchlets of previous year with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes. Leaves congested at apex of branchlets; petiole 2-3 cm, sturdy with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes; leaf blade elliptic to rarely ovate, 15-20 × 6-9 cm, ca. 45 × 17 cm on stump sprouts, thickly leathery, abaxially pubescent when young, with yellowish brown, thick, waxy scalelike trichomes, and pale yellowish gray, usually oily, and shiny when dry, adaxially pubescent on midvein or glabrous, base broadly cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 12-19 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially subparallel. Male inflorescences terminal or rarely axillary, solitary, ca. 20 cm; rachis covered with appressed short hairs. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis stout. Cupule subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apex narrowed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular-subulate, 2-4 mm, thickened, apex ± curved. Nut conical, 1.6-1.7 cm in diam., with tawny appressed minute hairs, apex narrowed; scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam., covering base of nut, ± concave at margin but conspicuously convex at center. Fl. May and Aug-Oct, fr. summer-autumn of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: curved
bract shape shape: triangular-subulate
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray-brown
color: yellow-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
color: yellow-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 20, width_low: 6, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
length_low: 45, width_low: 17, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 19
petiole color color: yellow-brown
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant margin shape shape: convex
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 28, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 1.7, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus harlandii Trees to 18 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets purplish brown, dark brown when dry, sulcate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 7-18 × 3-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with scalelike glands, base often asymmetric and attenuate-cuneate to rarely acute or subrounded, margin obtusely undulate-dentate on apical part or rarely entire, apex caudate and often falcate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Inflorescences terminal at apex of current year's branches. Male inflorescences arranged in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 10-15 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 6-10 mm × 1.4-2 cm, enclosing 1/10-1/6 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, lamellate, puberulent, margin and midvein ± ridged. Nut conical to broadly ellipsoid, 2.2-2.8 × 1.6-2.2 cm, apex rounded to obtuse, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; scar 0.9-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: purple-brown
color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: falcate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate-cuneate
shape: acute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate-dentate
margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
plant apex size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 18, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.2, length_high: 2.8, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.9, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus henryi Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets of current year purplish brown. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 12-22 × 3-6 cm, leathery to rigidly leathery, abaxially with scalelike glands and grayish when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, ± adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in leaf axils, racemose, 10-14 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis tawny puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 7-12 cm; rachis 6-9 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.4 × 1.5-2.4 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall to ca. 1.5 mm thick and ± woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, apical ones often separated. Nut depressed globose, 1.6-2 × 1.8-2.2 cm, often white farinose, apex rounded, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: purple-brown
inflorescence axil size sex: male, length_low: 10, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
inflorescence count low: 3
inflorescence size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 9, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf gland color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 22, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus howii Trees 10-15 m tall. Branchlets of current year terete, densely pubescent; branchlets of 2 or 3 year's growth with scars of bud scales and leaf blades, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to oblong, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, when young abaxially with stellate hairs especially on axils of veins, base cuneate, margin shallowly undulate to obtusely dentate, apex obtuse to acute; secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Inflorescences androgynous, spicate; ca. 10 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3(-5), rarely solitary. Infructescence 2-3 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick. Cupule pear-shaped to subglobose, 5-6 × 4.5-5.5 cm including bracts, completely enclosing nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts clawlike, basally reflexed, apically erect. Nut subglobose, 3-3.5 × ca. 4 cm, apex ± flat, wall 6-10 mm thick but basally ca. 1.5 cm thick, horny; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May, fr. Jul-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch count low: 2, high: 3
branch shape shape: terete
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: dentate
leaf shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 15, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 6, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus hypoglaucus Trees 10-20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 7-15 × 2-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous when young, abaxially glaucous and often with scurfy scalelike glands with age, adaxially glabrous, base attenuate-cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary or in a panicle, 6-15 cm. Female inflorescences at apex of branches, 7-15 cm; rachis with scurfy scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of (2 or)3. Cupule plate-shaped when mature, 1.5-5 mm × 1.2-1.8 cm, covering on base of nut, wall 0.5-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, with tawny, scurfy scalelike glands. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-2 cm, apex slightly concave to pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 7, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
inflorescence base size sex: female, thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, min: 2, low: 3, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 6, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: attenuate-cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus irwinii Trees ca. 10 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate, densely tawny pilose, glabrescent; lenticels raised. Petiole usually less than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 7-12 × 2-4 cm, thickly and rigidly leathery, abaxially with reddish brown, scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes and when young sparsely pilose on midvein, adaxially dark brown and often oily when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate from middle to apex and ± recurved, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident to inconspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves, or 2 or 3 in panicles; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescences 2-5 cm; rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule turbinate, 2-2.6 × 1.8-2.4 cm, completely enclosing nut, apically broadest and ± flat, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, center and margin thickened in ridges. Nut subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., densely covered with appressed minute hairs, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence axil count sex: male, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.6, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus iteaphyllus Trees 5-10 m tall. Branchlets of current year conspicuously sulcate, dark reddish brown, glabrous. Petiole 5-8 mm, sometimes to 3 cm, base ± thickened; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 8-13 × 2.5-4.5 cm, thick to rigidly papery, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, slender, conspicuous on both surfaces; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence solitary or congested at apex of branches of last-year growth, usually androgynous; rachis with early glabrescent, tawny minute hairs. Male flowers above middle of inflorescence, solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-8 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/8-1/5 of nut, wall 0.5-1 mm thick with basal part woody; bracts reduced and united into 6-8 irregular concentric rings, with tawny, waxy scalelike glands and sparsely puberulent. Nut ellipsoid, 1-1.8 × 1-1.4 cm, glabrous, apex pointed to rounded, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar 5-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 6, high: 8
bract shape shape: bilaterally symmetric
branch color color: red-brown
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 13, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus ithyphyllus Trees to 15 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branches of current year conspicuously sulcate. Petiole rarely to 3 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 1-2 × 5-20 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially often white farinose, base rounded to auriculate, margin entire and recurved, apex narrowed and obtuse; secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences sometimes androgynous, often congested at apex of branches, to 10 cm; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-8 cm; rachis puberulent, ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule plate- to shallowly bowl-shaped, 2-4 × 5-8 mm, covering base of nut, wall to 1 mm thick near base; bracts imbricate and appressed or sometimes connate into 3 or 4 concentric rings, triangular, small. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1-1.2 cm, often ± white farinose, base flat, apex pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 3-4 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count low: 3, high: 4
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size sex: male, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf color color: white
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 5, width_high: 20, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 18
petiole size length_high: 3, length_units: mm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant base size thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 4, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus jenkinsii Trees to 10 m tall. Branchlets of current year sturdy, lenticellate, glabrous. Petiole ca. 3 cm, base ca. 4 mm thick; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 25-30 × 8-10 cm, leathery, concolorous, abaxially covered with minute scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and symmetric, margin entire, apex acute and oblique; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins subparallel. Female inflorescences ca. 3; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescence ca. 15 cm, rachis lenticellate, glabrescent, base 0.9-1.4 cm thick. Cupule subglobose, 3.5-4.5 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall 4-6 mm thick and ± woody when dry; bracts subulate, 6-10 mm, woody and multiangular, base 4-8 mm in diam., apex shortly pointed. Nut subglobose but flat at apex, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., wall ca. 4 mm thick; scar covering more than 3/4 of nut, convex. Fr. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base size diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
bract shape shape: subulate
bract size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
bract woodiness woodiness: woody
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescence base size thickness_low: 0.9, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: oblique
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: symmetric
leaf size length_low: 25, length_high: 30, width_low: 8, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole base size thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
petiole size length_low: 3, length_units: cm
plant apex size diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_high: 3.5, diameter_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3.5, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 4, thickness_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus kawakamii Trees; trunk to 70 cm d.b.h. Branchlets grayish, densely lenticellate. Petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong, 12-25 × 5-7.2 cm, papery to thinly leathery, with scalelike glands when young, abaxially rusty scurfy along midvein, adaxially glabrous, base acute to attenuate and decurrent on petiole, margin with a few obtuse teeth near apex or sometimes entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 12-25 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicles to 20 cm; rachis and branches stout, with grayish scalelike glands. Female inflorescence rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick, lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 7-10 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/5-1/4(-1/3) of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick and woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, with puberulent-scalelike glands. Nut chestnut brown, depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.6-2.2 × 2-2.8 cm, apex flat or pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: gray
color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: acute
shape: attenuate
leaf shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 25, width_low: 5.0, width_high: 7.2, width_units: cm
leaf tooth shape shape: obtuse
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 25
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
length_low: 7, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
trunk size dbh_high: 70, dbh_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus konishii Trees usually less than 5 m tall. Spring shoots glabrous, autumn shoots tawny pubescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, obovate, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 4-9 × 1-4 cm, papery and slightly rigid, concolorous, abaxially with tufts of hairs at axils of veins, base cuneate, margin with 3-6 obtuse teeth, apex acute to caudate-acuminate; midvein puberulent adaxially; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins slender, evident. Female flowers borne on basal part of androgynous inflorescences; rachis tawny tomentose; cupules 1(or 2). Infructescences 2-3 cm; rachis 1.5-2 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule discoid, 4-8 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall 1.5-2 mm thick; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, covered with grayish brown, shortly tomentose hairs, midvein ridged. Nut depressed globose, 1-1.8 × 2-3 cm, glabrous, apex rounded or flat, wall 3-6 mm thick and horny; scar 1.3-2.4 cm in diam., margin impressed but center ± convex. Fl. Apr and Aug, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: triangular
flower location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence count low: 1, max: 2
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 9, width_low: 1, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf tooth count low: 3, high: 6
leaf tooth shape shape: obtuse
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant margin shape shape: convex
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 5, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.0, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_high: 2.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus laetus Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of current year tawny pubescent. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 7-11 × 1.5-3 cm, subleathery, abaxially pubescent, glabrescent, and with lax, rust-colored scalelike trichomes, adaxially pubescent when young but glabrescent except for midvein with age, base broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule obconic to cupular, 1-1.2 × 2-2.2 cm, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, 1.8-2 × 1.6-1.8 cm, with appressed, rust-colored minute hairs, base broadest, gradually narrowed apically, apex pointed, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex but margin ± impressed. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
infructescence count low: 3
infructescence shape shape: obconic
infructescence size length_low: 4, length_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf habit habit: lax
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 11, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.8, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus laoticus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets of current year blackish when dry; branches of previous year growth and rachis of infructescences conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to lanceolate, 12-20 × 4-9 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially light gray and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially dark gray when dry, base broadly cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate to acute; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, sometimes fusing near margin on apical part of leaf; tertiary veins abaxially ± visible. Male inflorescences terminal clusters on branchlets of current year, 4-10 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 10-15 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis base 4-6 mm thick. Cupule subglobose, ca. 3.5 × 2-2.5 cm, completely enclosing nut, with many concentric ridges and inconspicuous bract scars between ridges, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; bracts scalelike. Nut subglobose, 2-2.5 × 1.6-2.2 cm in diam., glabrescent, apex rounded, wall less than 1 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
branch color color: black
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence base size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 3.5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus lepidocarpus Trees tall. Branchlets of last-year growth with a thin layer of grayish wax, conspicuously lenticellate near nodes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate-oblong to obovate, 15-32 × 4-10 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or undulate-dentate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to shortly caudate; secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3, rarely solitary. Cupule subglobose, 3-3.2(-5) × 2.9-3(-3.8) cm, completely enclosing nut, apically flat; bracts imbricate to spirally arranged apically on cupule, rhomboid, squamose, with grayish waxy scalelike trichomes; midvein slightly raised and conspicuous. Nut subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diam.; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: rhomboid
branch color color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate-dentate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate-oblong
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 32, width_low: 4, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size length_low: 3.0, length_high: 3.2, length_max: 5.0, width_low: 2.9, width_high: 3.0, width_max: 3.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus leucodermis Trees to 25 m tall. Branches of last-year growth covered with a ± translucent, longitudinally splitting, thin waxy layer. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 14-20 cm, leathery, concolorous, glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate with tip obtuse; secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein, curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing. Inflorescences unknown. Fruit solitary, sessile; rachis 4-5 mm thick, grayish, glabrous or glabrescent. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, basally ± flat, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts linear, 1-3 mm, ± curved. Nut depressed globose, 1.6-2 × 1.7-2.4 cm, densely covered with appressed, short hairs; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., concave; stylopodium to 4 mm. Fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
fruit rachis color color: gray
fruit rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 14, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
length_high: 4, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus levis Trees 10-15 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate; branches of last year's growth dark brown, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to elliptic, 13-20 × 4-7 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and grayish when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, 6-9 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-8 cm; rachis 7-8 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule ellipsoid, 0.5-2 × 1.2-1.6 cm, completely enclosing nut, outside with yellowish brown to dark gray, waxy scalelike trichomes, both ends narrowed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts united into concentric lines. Nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1-1.4 cm in diam., apex with appressed minute hairs, wall 1.5-3 mm thick and thickened gradually from apex to base; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 6, length_high: 9, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 13, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant color color: yellow-brown
color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 3.0, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus listeri Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, glabrous, dark brown when dry, sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 3-5 cm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 20-35 × 8-12 cm, leathery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 2-3 cm; rachis densely pubescent. Female inflorescences with cupules in clusters of ca. 3; bracts of young cupules imbricate, ovate-triangular. Mature cupules unknown. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: ovate-triangular
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 35, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus litseifolius Trees to 20 m tall; branchlets and petioles sometimes ± white farinose when dry. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, ovate, or rarely narrowly elliptic, 8-18 × 3-8 cm, papery to subleathery, concolorous to ± glaucous abaxially, base cuneate to broadly so, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, lax, reddish to yellowish brown when dry. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary, to 25 cm. Female and androgynous inflorescences usually 2-6 congested at apex of branches, spiciform, to 35 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 30 cm; rachis slender, rarely over 5 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., covering base of nut, outside glabrous, wall 0.5-1 mm thick and woody basally; bracts imbricate but basal ones connate into concentric rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, subglobose, or rarely depressed globose, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-2 cm, glabrous or often ± white farinose, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar ca. 1.1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Apr-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract location location: basal
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size length_high: 35, length_units: cm
inflorescence count low: 2, high: 6
low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: male, length_high: 25, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_high: 30, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, width_low: 3, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole color color: white
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant base size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant base woodiness woodiness: woody
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.1, diameter_units: cm
plant vein color color: red
color: yellow-brown
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus litseifolius var. litseifolius
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus litseifolius var. pubescens
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus longanoides Trees 8-18 m tall. Young branchlets covered with tawny, crisp, short hairs, blackish when dry. Branches of last-year growth densely lenticellate; lenticels visible only under lens. Petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 4-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially at least along midvein densely covered with tawny, early glabrescent, short hairs and with tiny, grayish glandular dots, adaxially reddish brown to dark brown when dry, base decurrent on petiole, margin entire or rarely ± undulate near apex, apex narrowly acuminate to caudate; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 8-15 cm; rachis densely tawny puberulent. Androgynous inflorescences often with male flowers above middle; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule globose to ± depressed, 1-1.8 cm in diam., usually almost completely enclosing nut, wall less than 1 mm thick and crustaceous when dry; bracts fused to cupule except for subulate apex ca. 1 mm, triangular, reddish brown when dry. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 0.8-1.6 cm in diam., glabrous; scar 6-12 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Oct, fr. Jul-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: red-brown
bract apex shape shape: triangular
bract apex size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
bract shape shape: subulate
branch hair color color: black
flower count sex: male, low: 3
flower shape sex: male, shape: spheric
flower size sex: male, diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
sex: male, thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf hair color color: gray
color: red-brown
color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 10, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 18, height_units: m
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.6, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 12, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus longipedicellatus Trees to 20 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or ovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 3-6 cm, subleathery, abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire or sometimes undulate, apex acuminate to acute with tip obtuse to rounded; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin but usually not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle or solitary in axils of leaves; rachis light yellowish gray scurfy. Female inflorescence 3-5 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis soon after anthesis. Infructescence rachis base 8-10 mm thick, thicker than branches. Cupule discoid, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing basal part or rarely to middle of nut, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts sometimes entirely or partly united into concentric rings, triangular, tiny but visible under lens, tawny scurfy. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 1-1.4 × 1.2-2.2 cm, ± white glaucous, base flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 0.7-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Jan, Fl. Oct-Jan of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence rachis color sex: male, color: yellow-gray
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
infructescence base size thickness_low: 8, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
shape: obtuse
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant base size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white-glaucous
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.7, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus longzhouicus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus lycoperdon Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate, dark brown when dry. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, dark brown to blackish when dry, base ± thickened; leaf blade oblong to sometimes ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially rust-colored to tawny pulverulent-scurfy, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, sometimes ramified near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary in leaf axils. Female inflorescences sometimes androgynous, 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences usually less than 10 cm; rachis base 7-12 mm thick; lenticels yellowish brown. Cupule turbinate to cupular, 2-2.5 × 2.4-2.8 cm, broadest at middle, enclosing most of nut, wall 2-3 mm thick; bracts triangular-subulate, appressed, puberulent and scurfy. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, ca. 1.5 × 2 cm, appressed puberulent and scurfy, apex narrowed, wall 2-2.5 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular-subulate
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescences base size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 12, thickness_units: mm
infructescences lenticel color color: yellow-brown
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole color color: brown
color: black
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 2.4, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 2, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus macilentus Trees 7-12 m tall; branches of current year, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences tawny tomentose. Petiole under 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to rarely oblanceolate, 6-11 × 2-3 cm, thinly leathery, with tufts of minute crisp hairs on both surfaces when young, abaxially scurfy, narrowed at both ends, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate with a caudate tip; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, wall thin but basally ± thickened. Nut broadly conical to depressed globose, 1.3-1.5 × 1.5-1.7 cm, glabrous; scar 7-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: saucerlike
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 11, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 7, height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.7, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus magneinii Trees 5-25 m tall. Young parts with oily resin when dry; branchlets and petioles drying blackish. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to elliptic, 8-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute with a blunt tip to caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, obscure, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle. Female inflorescences usually 6-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3, rarely solitary, scattered on basal part of rachis; stalk of cupule clusters 3-8 mm × 3-4 mm, to 7 mm thick in fruit. Infructescence rachis thicker than branches from which it arises, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels conspicuous. Cupule bowl-shaped, 1-1.5 × 1.6-2.2 cm, enclosing 2/3-4/5 of nut, with 6-8 linear concentric rings, wall 1.5-2.5 mm thick. Nut broadly conical to depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 1.8-2 cm, covered with tawny, appressed, silky minute hairs, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Feb-Apr of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole color color: black
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant count low: 6, high: 8
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: linear
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
stalk size length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 3, width_high: 4, width_units: mm
thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus mairei Trees rarely to 10 m tall, glabrous except branchlets and inflorescences covered with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery to papery, yellowish brown when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences paniculate, 4-8 cm, sometimes spicate. Female inflorescences 5-8 cm; rachis covered with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 3-5 cm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-8 mm × 1-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed, covered with tawny, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut broadly conical to ± depressed globose, 1-1.5 × 1.1-1.8 cm, glabrous, apex ± flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 6-8 mm in diam., slightly concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus megalophyllus Trees 15-25 m tall. Branchlets glaucous, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2.5-6 cm, 3-6 mm thick; leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic, or elliptic, 14-30 × 6-13 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially with grayish, pulverulent scalelike glands (visible under hand lens), adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to subrounded, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein, abaxially strongly raised, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicle to 20 cm; rachis sparsely pubescent when young. Female inflorescences usually at apex of branches; cupules in clusters of 3(-5), sometimes solitary. Infructescences 10-14 cm; rachis 1-1.5 cm thick. Cupule plate-shaped to cupular, 4-10 mm × 2-3 cm, enclosing 1/6-1/3 of nut, wall 1-2 mm thick; bracts 1-1.4 mm. Nut conical and 2.4-2.8 × 2-2.5 cm to depressed globose and 1.6-1.8 × 2.8-3.2 cm, slightly shining, sometimes ± white farinose, apex flat or with a ± concave center, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jun, fr. May-Jun of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, length_units: mm
branch color color: glaucous
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 14, length_high: 30, width_low: 6, width_high: 13, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 6.0, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 15, height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_high: 20, length_units: cm
length_low: 4, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 2.8, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 2.8, width_high: 3.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus mekongensis Trees ca. 10 m tall. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-15 × 4-5 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, apical ones fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary, axillary, 8-15 cm; rachis scurfy, puberulent, or glabrous. Female inflorescences 8-15 cm; cupules of ca. 3, sometimes solitary. Infructescence rachis 5-6 mm thick, lenticellate; lenticels small. Cupule bowl-shaped, 3-5 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, small. Nut depressed globose, 5-8 mm × 1.1-1.4 cm, sparsely puberulent, apex ± flat or sometimes concave; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.1, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus melanochromus Trees 8-15 m tall; young branchlets and petioles tawny pilose, soon glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 4-11 × 1-3.5 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially tawny pilose when young, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire and ± recurved, apex acuminate to abruptly acute and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein, slender, inconspicuous to ± conspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle, 3-5 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 3-8 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1.2-1.8 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, appressed. Nut covered with tawny, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes, apex pointed, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 8-11 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 11, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 8, diameter_high: 11, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus mianningensis Trees to 25 m tall. Young branchlets purplish brown, sparsely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, sparsely pubescent when young; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 4-6 cm, ± rigidly papery, abaxially with silky scalelike glands, sparsely pubescent along midvein when young, and grayish brown to ± purplish when dry, base broadly cuneate and sometimes slightly asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein, abaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Inflorescences terminal at apex of current year's branches; Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3 or solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 8-15 cm; rachis 0.7-1.3 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule plate-shaped, 0.7-1.2 × 2.5-3 cm, wall basally woody; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular to rhomboid, densely puberulent. Nut broadly ellipsoid, 2-2.6 × 2-3 cm, densely puberulent, apex rounded to flat or sometimes with a ± concave center; scar concave. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
branch color color: purple-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 0.7, thickness_high: 1.3, thickness_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf gland color color: gray-brown
color: purple
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.6, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus microspermus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches and leaf blades. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 15-25 × 5-8 cm, abaxially with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate; midvein raised adaxially; secondary veins 16-22 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or 3-5 arranged in a panicle; rachis densely scurfy. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3. Infructescences 10-18 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 3-5 × 8-10 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; bracts inconspicuous, imbricate or united into rings at base of cupule, triangular. Nut depressed globose, 5-7 mm, rarely over 1 cm in diam., sparsely pulverulous, apex flat, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; scar 4-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Oct-Dec, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: triangular
inflorescence axil count sex: male, low: 3, high: 5
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 22
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 5, width_low: 8, width_high: 10, width_units: mm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus naiadarum Trees 4-10 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets with a thin translucent wax layer. Leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, (5-)10-15(-30) × (0.7-)1-1.5 (-2.5) cm, rigidly papery, concolorous and without waxy scalelike trichomes, base attenuate and decurrent on a very short petiole, apex shortly acuminate and with a blunt tip; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein, slender, evident; tertiary veins abaxially reticulate. Male inflorescences in a panicle; rachis densely tawny pubescent. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule discoid, 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., enclosing basal part of nut, outside puberulent, wall to 1 mm thick and ± woody near base; bracts usually connate into concentric rings, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical to rarely subglobose, 1-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, apex pointed or flat; scar concave to almost flat. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
sex: female, diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence woodiness sex: female, woodiness: woody
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_max: 30, width_min: 0.7, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_max: 2.5, width_units: cm
petiole apex shape shape: acuminate
petiole vein count low: 11, high: 15
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 4, height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus nantoensis Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets chestnut brown, glabrous, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole usually less than 1 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 7-14 × 2-4.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially glaucous to light green and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, apex acuminate to caudate; midvein abaxially slender, evident and adaxially conspicuously raised; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences arising near apex of branchlets of current year; rachis with scalelike glands, sparsely waxy. Female inflorescences 10-16 cm; cupules solitary, scattered, glabrous. Infructescence rachis ca. 3 mm thick. Cupule enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut when young; discoid when mature, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing only basal part of nut, basally narrowed; bracts reduced and united into concentric rings, with tawny, waxy scalelike glands. Nut conical, 1-2 cm; scar 5-8 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
color: green
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus nitidinux Trees to 18 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 10-18 × 4-6 cm, thickly papery, concolorous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins reticulate, abaxially slender, conspicuous on both surfaces. Infructescence rachis 1-1.4 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels small. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3, cupular, enclosing 1/5-1/4 of nut, wall ± woody and basally thickened; bracts imbricate, broadly triangular, appressed, grayish puberulent. Nut depressed globose, ca. 1.4 × 2.5 cm, apex ± flat; scar ca. 1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fr. Aug-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 18, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant count low: 3
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 18, height_units: m
length_low: 1.4, width_low: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus oblanceolatus Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to sometimes oblong, 15-30 × 4-7 cm, rigidly leathery, concolorous, abaxially with grayish, pulverulent scalelike glands (visible under lens), adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences paniculate; rachis tawny pubescent. Female inflorescences to 20 cm, often with a few male flowers near apex; cupules in clusters of 3(-5). Infructescence rachis 6-10 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped to cupular, 5-8(-13) mm × 1.5-3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, wall to 2.5 mm thick and woody near base; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, appressed, grayish puberulent. Nut conical, 2.4-3 × 1.8-2.8 cm, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.8 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
flower count sex: male, low: 3, max: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 30, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_max: 13, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.4, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus obovatilimbus Trees to 15 m tall; branches and rachis of inflorescences pubescent. Petiole 3-10 mm; leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 4-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, subleathery, abaxially with grayish scalelike glands and pubescent on basal part of midvein when young, base broadly cuneate to cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse, acute, shortly caudate, or rarely acuminate; secondary veins 7-9(-13) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences in a panicle. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 2 or 3, congested at apex of branches; rachis pubescent. Cupule cupular, 4-7 mm × 0.8-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick and basally woody; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, appressed, puberulent. Nut ellipsoid to broadly conical, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.4 cm, often ± white farinose; scar 4-7 mm in diam., concave. Fr. Oct-Dec.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences count low: 2, high: 3
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf gland location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 9, max: 13
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus obscurus Trees to 30 m tall, glabrous except for inflorescences. Branchlets blackish brown when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels slightly raised. Petiole 3-7 mm; leaf blade 10-19 × 4-8 cm, papery, concolorous, without scalelike glands, base rounded to auriculate, sometimes obtuse, and often asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 10-35 cm; rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences to 35 cm; rachis 0.8-1.4 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing hardly 1/2 of nut, dark gray when dry, wall basally thickened; bracts imbricate, small, appressed, usually only subulate apex conspicuous. Nut broadly conical, 1-1.4 × 1.5-2 cm; scar concave. Fr. Oct-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: subulate
branch color color: black-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 35, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 0.8, thickness_high: 1.4, thickness_units: cm
infructescences size length_high: 35, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
shape: obtuse
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 19, width_low: 4, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus oleifolius Trees 8-15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, and rachis of inflorescences rusty pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 8-16 × 2-4 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially with appressed hairs and waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire or rarely ± undulate on apical part, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 11-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences 3-many in a panicle, rarely solitary. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 8-12 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule globose, depressed globose, or pear-shaped, 2.6-3.2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut or sometimes 3/4 of nut, wall to 2 mm thick near base; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed, with lanceolate, ± lax scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose to subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam., glabrous; scar 1.4-2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: lanceolate
inflorescence count sex: male, low: 3
sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 16, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.6, diameter_high: 3.2, diameter_units: cm
thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pachylepis Trees 10-20 m tall; branchlets of current year, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences covered with short stellate hairs. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong, 20-35 × 6-11 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, abaxially covered with short, stellate hairs along veins and sometimes with tuft of hairs on axils of veins, base broadly cuneate, margin serrate-dentate, apex obtuse to acute; secondary veins 25-30 on each side of midvein, ending in teeth; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle. Female inflorescences 3-5 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence ca. 7 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick. Cupule turbinate when young, discoid when mature, 1.5-3 × 4.5-6 cm, covering base of nut, wall 7-9 mm thick and woody; bracts ovate-triangular to oblique rhomboid margin and midvein ridged, apex subulate and incurved. Nut broadly conical when young and densely tawny puberulent, depressed globose when mature, 1.5-2.5 × 4-6.5 cm, apex flat but slightly concave in center, wall horny and 7-10 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/2 of nut, ± convex. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: subulate
bract shape shape: ovate-triangular
shape: oblique-rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate-dentate
leaf shape shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 35, width_low: 6, width_high: 11, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 25, high: 30
petiole hair shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
plant base size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 9, thickness_units: mm
plant base woodiness woodiness: woody
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, width_low: 4.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pachyphyllus Trees to 25 m tall. Young branchlets covered with lamellate, rust-colored, waxy scalelike trichomes, sulcate. Petiole 1.2-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 4-7 cm, thinly or thickly leathery, abaxially dark red when young, glaucous with age, and with minute lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes, base broadly cuneate and ± decurrent on petiole, margin entire and usually emarginate, apex caudate with tip blunt to rounded; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or terminal panicles. Female inflorescences in clusters of 2 or 3, to 15 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescences 3-6 mm. Cupule cupular, 0.5-2.5 × 1.5-4.6 cm, variable in size, enclosing most of nut or sometimes only 1/3-1/2 when mature, wall 2-4 mm thick; bracts fused with cupule and reduced to scars or triangular, irregularly multilateral, with rust-colored, lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-2 × 1.5-3 cm, glabrous, apex rounded to slightly pointed, wall 1-1.2 mm thick; scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., convex with impressed margin. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence axil location sex: male, location: terminal
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red
color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf margin shape shape: emarginate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 4, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pachyphyllus var. fruticosus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pachyphyllus var. pachyphyllus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus paihengii Trees to 15 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole 2-3 cm, stout, sometimes white farinose; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or rarely obovate-elliptic, 15-25 × 4-9 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially tawny to reddish brown scurfy when young, adaxially dark brown to reddish brown, glabrous, and often glossy, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to shortly acute; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or very slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle, to 20 cm; rachis sparsely tawny pubescent. Androgynous inflorescences 7-13 cm, with a few male flowers at apex. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-10 cm; rachis 6-8 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule globose to depressed globose, 2-2.8 cm in diam., enclosing most of nut, outside grayish scurfy, wall 1.5-2.5 mm thick; basal bracts obscure, sometimes united into concentric rings but with a subulate tip, apical ones triangular, appressed. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-2 × 1.4-2.4 cm, covered with tawny minute hairs; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: subulate
location: basal, shape: triangular
inflorescence axil size sex: male, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 6, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: brown
color: red-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 13
petiole color color: white
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2.0, diameter_high: 2.8, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_high: 2.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pakhaensis Trees to 25 m tall; branchlets of current year and petioles dark brown to blackish and slightly white farinose when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 7-12 × 1.5-3 cm, thinly leathery, concolorous, adaxial surface of young leaves oily glossy when dry, base narrowly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins not visible. Female inflorescences rachis 4-6 mm thick, tomentose and with small. waxy scalelike trichomes; cupules mostly solitary, scattered on rachis, sometimes in clusters of ca. 3 near apex of rachis. Infructescence ca. 4 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick; with 2-5 fruit. Cupule discoid, 0.8-1.2 × 1.5-2 cm, enclosing basal part of nut, basally abruptly narrowed, wall to 3 mm near base; basal bracts usually united into 3 or 4 concentric rings, triangular, lax and obscure, appressed. Nut conical, rarely depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 1.6-2 cm, glabrous, apex pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract count location: basal, low: 3, high: 4
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
fruit count low: 2, high: 5
inflorescence rachis count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 4, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole color color: brown
color: black
color: white
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
length_high: 3, length_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus paniculatus Trees to 15 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, and rachis of inflorescences hairy. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 6-15 × 2.5-5 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially hairy along midvein when young, base cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute to caudate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically, obscure near margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences paniculate. Female and androgynous inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 4-7 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 0.8-1.8 × 1.8-2.5 cm, enclosing most of nut or occasionally completely enclosing nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts imbricate, triangular, rarely longer than 1 mm. Nut broadly conical to slightly depressed, 1.6-2.3 cm in diam., apex pointed to rounded, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
inflorescence count low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-oblong
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 15, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pasania
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus petelotii Trees to 28 m tall. Branchlets and rachis of inflorescences tawny pubescent. Petiole 2.5-4 cm, pubescent when young; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic or sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, 9-15 × 3.5-6 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with rust-colored, scurfy scalelike trichomes and stellate hairs, base subrounded to broadly cuneate and sometimes asymmetric, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-13 on each side of midvein, abaxially pubescent; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, less than 3 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis ca. 8 mm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5, rarely solitary on basal part of rachis. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped, 0.8-1.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm, covering base of nut, basally narrowed and slightly elongate into a short stalk, wall 3-6 mm thick and woody; bracts imbricate, triangular to rhomboid, densely tawny puberulent; midvein ridged. Nut subglobose, 3-7.5 × 2.5-3.8 cm, often white farinose, apex shortly pointed; scar 1-1.4 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence location sex: female, location: basal
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, thickness_low: 8, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 3, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 15, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 4.0, length_units: cm
plant base shape shape: elongate
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 28, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3.0, length_high: 7.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.4, diameter_units: cm
stalk size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
stalk woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus phansipanensis Trees ca. 3 m tall. Branchlets of current year sulcate. Petiole 3-5 mm, white farinose when dry; leaf blade broadly obovate, 4-6.5 × 2.5-4 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially with dense scalelike glands and ± glaucous when dry, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, apex rounded; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein, ending at margin; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Female inflorescences 2-4, congested at apex of branches, 4-7 cm; rachis ± with scalelike glands; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Mature cupules unknown. Fl. Feb.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence apex size sex: female, length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 4
sex: female, low: 3
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf gland color color: glaucous
leaf shape shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 4.0, length_high: 6.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12
petiole color color: white
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 3, height_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus propinquus Trees 10-15 m tall. Branches glabrous, dark brown when dry, lenticellate with age. Petiole 6-10 mm; leaf blade oblong, 10-15 × 3-4.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or arranged in a panicle; rachis scurfy. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3; clusters stalked. Infructescences 8-12 cm; stalk of fruit clusters 3-6 mm. Cupule bowl-shaped, 5-7 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm; basal bracts united into obscure concentric rings, triangular, small, with scurfy, waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 0.8-1.1 × 1.2-1.6 cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded; scar 7-10 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Dec-Jan of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 15, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.1, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 10, diameter_units: mm
stalk count low: 3, high: 6, group: cluster
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardtii Trees ca. 20 m tall; branchlets of current year and young leaf blades brownish black and oily glossy when dry. Branches sulcate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, 8-15 × 4-6 cm, papery, abaxially with waxy scalelike trichomes and glaucous when dry, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex abruptly acute with a tip blunt to caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male inflorescences 10-15 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis and cupule stalks grayish scurfy; cupules solitary, rarely in clusters of 2, stalk 2-4 mm but 8-10 mm in fruit. Young cupules shortly tubular, concave in center, apex flat; mature cupules basin-shaped, 1-1.2 × 1.6-2.4 cm excluding stalk, enclosing more than 3/4 of nut, with ca. 8 concentric rings, tawny scurfy, wall ca. 1 mm thick. Nut depressed globose, ca. 1 × 1.4-1.8 cm, with tawny appressed minute hairs, base flat, apex rounded; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Mar-Jun of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 10, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: brown-black
color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 4, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant count low: 8
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: tubular
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
stalk color color: gray
stalk count low: 2, group: cluster
stalk size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pseudovestitus Trees to 25 m tall. Branches glabrous. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, leaf blade lanceolate to rarely oblong, 8-18 × 2-4 cm, thickly papery, abaxially gray and with a thick layer of waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex obtuse, subrounded, or rarely acute; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially sometimes slightly impressed, not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially not visible. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or in a panicle; rachis scurfy. Female inflorescences with cupules in clusters of 2 or 3, rarely solitary; base of cupule clusters narrowed, stalklike, to 5 mm. Infructescence rachis to 1 cm thick, sparsely lenticellate. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 1-2 cm, covering base of nut, wall 0.2-0.5 mm thick; basal bracts united into concentric rings, small, tawny puberulent. Nut broadly conical, 1.2-1.5 × 1.6-2 cm, tawny puberulent, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 4-6 mm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence base size sex: female, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3, group: cluster
infructescence rachis size thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant base size thickness_low: 0.2, thickness_high: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus pseudoxizangensis Trees ca. 20 m tall. Petiole ca. 2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 15-25 × 10-12 cm, abaxially with sparse appressed hairs, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex cuspidate; midvein flat above or slightly impressed; secondary veins ca. 11 on each side of midvein. Infructescence rachis 7-12 cm, ca. 1 cm thick. Cupule globose, completely enclosing nut, wall 4-6 mm thick; bracts ca. 1 cm, curved, sericeous-puberulent. Nuts turbinate, ca. 2.5 × 2.8 cm, appressed tomentulose, base narrow, apex depressed; scar covering ca. 2/3 of nut, convex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: curved
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 10, width_high: 12, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11
petiole size length_low: 2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: turbinate
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 20, height_units: m
thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 6, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2.5, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus qinzhouicus Trees; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely tomentose with short hairs. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 8-12 × 2-3 cm, rigidly leathery, abaxially densely
Trait Label Trait Data
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus quercifolius Trees 5-6 m tall. Branchlets of current year pubescent. Leaves usually congested at apex of branches; petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, 4-11 × 1-3 cm, rigidly papery, concolorous, abaxially usually with tuft of hairs in axils of veins, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with a few acute teeth, apex acute; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, branched near margin with outer branch ending in a marginal tooth; tertiary veins conspicuous, slender. Male inflorescences ca. 5 cm. Female flowers solitary, scattered above middle of male inflorescence rachis; rachis tawny pubescent. Infructescences 2-3 cm; rachis ca. 2 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 2-5 mm × 2-2.5 cm, enclosing basal part of nut; bracts imbricate, lanceolate when young, rhomboid to broadly triangular when mature, appressed, midvein ridged. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.4 cm, covered with appressed minute hairs; scar 1.6-2 cm in diam., margin concave but center ± convex. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: lanceolate
shape: rhomboid
shape: triangular
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: acute
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 11, width_low: 1, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
leaf tooth shape shape: acute
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant margin shape shape: convex
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 5, height_high: 6, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.6, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus rhabdostachyus subsp. dakhaensis Trees 8-15 m tall; branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with rust-colored simple and branched hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic on sterile shoots, sometimes elliptic on fruiting branches, 16-30 × 5-12 cm, subleathery, rusty pilose, adaxially with hairs crisp and early glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 11-17 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically near margin, apical ones fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, subparallel. Male panicle terminal or rarely solitary spikes in axils of leaves, to 25 cm. Female inflorescences to 30 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis to 1 cm thick. Cupule depressed globose, 1.5-2 × 2.5-3 cm, entirely or almost completely enclosing nut, wall 0.5-1.5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, ovate-triangular, appressed, puberulent. Nut depressed globose, 2.2-2.7 cm in diam., glabrous, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., ± concave. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: ovate-triangular
inflorescence axil size length_high: 25, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 30, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_high: 1, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 16, length_high: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 12, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 17
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: terminal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 2.2, diameter_high: 2.7, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus rosthornii Trees 10-15 m tall; branchlets and petioles covered with crisp, early glabrescent hairs and tawny, lamellate waxy scalelike trichomes. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or sometimes elliptic, 12-30 × 4-10 cm, ± thickly papery, abaxially pilose along midvein when young but soon glabrescent, margin entire, apex abruptly narrowed and caudate; secondary veins 14-22 on each side of midvein, adaxially conspicuously impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, numerous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate or rarely spicate, to 15 cm. Female inflorescences usually with a few male flowers near apex; cupules in cluster of ca. 3. Infructescences 10-12 cm; rachis 4-5 mm thick. Cupule 1-1.6 × 2-3 cm, enclosing 1/2-3/4 of nut, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts imbricate, triangular, small, covered with tawny waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut depressed globose, 1.4-2 × ca. 2.8 cm, glabrous, apex ± narrowed and pointed, wall ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; scar 1-1.5 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
flower count sex: male, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 10, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 30, width_low: 4, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 22
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size diameter_low: 0.5, diameter_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 2, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus shinsuiensis Trees. Branchlets grayish brown, densely lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 8-18 × 2-5 cm, abaxially glaucous, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate; midvein raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 6-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 1-3, usually only 1 developed. Cupule subglobose, ca. 1.8 × 2.2 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut, basally narrowed into a stalk to 7 mm, wall thin and crustaceous; basal bracts imbricate or in concentric rings, squamose, tawny puberulent. Nut subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diam.; scar concave. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1, high: 3, group: cluster
sex: female, low: 1
leaf apex shape shape: caudate-acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 18, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
plant size length_low: 1.8, width_low: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
stalk size length_high: 7, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus silvicolarum Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets tawny pilose. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10-20 × 3.5-6 cm, papery, abaxially with scalelike glands and tawny pilose along side, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire or undulate on apical part, apex acute to narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 10-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, inconspicuous to conspicuous. Male inflorescences in a panicle, rarely solitary; rachis sparsely pubescent. Female inflorescences 8-20 cm; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 1-1.2 cm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 2-3.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick and basally ± woody; bracts dark reddish brown, fused with wall of cupule or sometimes only subulate apex free, broadly triangular to rhomboid. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 2-2.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base flat, apex rounded or flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 1.4-1.8(-2.5) cm in diam., concave. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: subulate
bract color color: red-brown
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 3.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.4, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_max: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
plant woodiness woodiness: woody
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus skanianus Trees to 20 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences tawny tomentose. Petiole rarely to 1 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or rarely elliptic to oblong, 6-20 × 4-9 cm, thickly papery, abaxially pilose on midvein but otherwise pubescent with simple and branched hairs, base cuneate, margin entire or ± undulate near apex, apex shortly caudate-acute to acuminate; secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially usually slightly impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male panicle terminal or rarely solitary spikes in axils of leaves, to 25 cm. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 1-1.2 cm; rachis 2-3 mm thick. Cupule depressed globose to subglobose, 1.4-2 × 1.5-2.5 cm, almost completely enclosing nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts subulate to linear and 2-3 mm or triangular-squamiform and appressed, puberulent and scurfy. Nut depressed globose to broadly conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1.4-2.2 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar 1.1-1.3 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: subulate
shape: linear
shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
inflorescence axil size length_high: 25, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 3, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: caudate-acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: oblanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 9, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 14
petiole size length_high: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: terminal
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: subglobose
shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.1, diameter_high: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus Trees 10-20 m tall. Branchlets dark gray when dry, glabrous. Petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxially glabrous and surface of young leaves oily glossy when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences in a panicle, sometimes solitary in axils of leaves. Female inflorescences 10-20 cm; cupules in clusters of (2 or)3, rarely solitary near base of rachis; stalk of cupule clusters 3-7 mm, with tiny triangular bracts. Infructescence rachis 7-12 mm thick. Cupule globose to ± depressed globose, 1.5-2 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, outside grayish puberulent, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick and crustaceous; bracts triangular, small, lax. Nut depressed globose, 1.2-1.6 × 1.4-1.9 cm, densely tawny scurfy; scar 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Dec-Jan, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: triangular
branch color color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, min: 2, low: 3, group: cluster
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 12, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: spheric
shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.6, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.9, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.8, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
stalk count low: 3, high: 7, group: cluster
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus tabularis Trees to 30 m tall; branchlets and petioles sparsely covered with brownish early glabrescent long hairs when young. Branchlets of current year and petioles dark brown when dry; branchlets of last-year growth lenticellate; lenticels raised. Petiole 3-4 cm; leaf blade oblong, 15-25 × 6-8 cm, leathery, adaxially with dense, tawny, puberulent scalelike trichomes, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm, sometimes androgynous and to 16 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 6-10 cm; rachis 7-9 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule broadly turbinate, 1.5-2 × 2.5-2.8 cm, broadest apically, enclosing most of nut, wall 2-5 mm thick; bracts triangular, thickened, usually ridged in center. Nut ± depressed globose, 1.2-1.5 × 1-2 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat; scar covering 2/3-3/4 of nut, convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 7, thickness_high: 9, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 6, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 14
petiole color color: brown
color: brown
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1, width_high: 2, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus taitoensis Trees to 20 m tall. Branches of current year glabrous, sparsely puberulent, or densely pubescent. Petiole 1.5-3.5 cm; leaf blade ovate, broadly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or sometimes obovate-elliptic, 6-12 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially with lamellate scalelike glands and oily and shiny when young, base broadly cuneate to sometimes cuneate and often ± asymmetric, margin entire, apex abruptly acuminate and shortly caudate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, usually adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially not visible or rarely slender, reticulate. Male inflorescences usually solitary in leaf axils, 4-6 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 3-7 mm thick. Cupule plate-shaped, 1-1.5 cm in diam., covering base of nut, wall woody and basally thickened; bracts usually connate into concentric rings but apical ones imbricate, triangular, small, appressed. Nut conical, 1.2-1.8 × 1-1.5 cm, often white farinose, apex shortly pointed or rarely flat, wall 0.5-1 mm thick; scar 5-9 mm in diam., concave. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: connate
shape: triangular
inflorescence axil size sex: male, length_low: 4, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_high: 1.0, thickness_units: mm
plant base woodiness woodiness: woody
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus talangensis Trees 15-25 m tall; branchlets of current year and leaf blades abaxially densely pubescent. Branchlets of last-year growth glabrescent, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, leathery, abaxially covered with dark gray, minute, waxy scalelike trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; midvein slightly raised and pilose; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially ± conspicuous. Male inflorescences paniculate, to 27 cm; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences 2-4 congested above middle of branches, 5-15 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis 5-8 mm thick. Cupule turbinate, 2-2.4 × 1.8-2.6 cm, broadest slightly apical from middle, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular to rhomboid, from base to middle of cupule fused with wall, grayish puberulent and with waxy scalelike trichomes. Nut subglobose, 1.5-1.8 × 1.6-2.6 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex flat or concave; scar covering 1/2-2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 4
sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_high: 27, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 15, height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.4, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus tenuilimbus Trees to 25 m tall; apex of young branchlets, petioles, and young leaf blades sparsely covered with early glabrescent long hairs. Branchlets of last-year growth sparsely lenticellate; lenticels conspicuously raised. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 12-20 × 4-7 cm, rigidly papery, abaxially ± glaucous when dry and with lamellate, waxy scalelike trichomes and usually sparsely pilose from base to middle of midvein when young, base cuneate and usually asymmetric, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving apically and gradually obscured; tertiary veins abaxially visible, subparallel. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or paniculate; rachis densely tawny puberulent. Female inflorescence with cupules in clusters of 3-5. Infructescence rachis 8-10 mm thick, lenticellate. Cupule turbinate, 2-3 × 2-2.8 cm, broadest apically, usually enclosing most of nut, outside pubescent when young, basally narrowed into a stalk, wall 2-3.5 mm thick; bracts basally enclosing and ± fused with cupule, apically triangular and thick. Nut subglobose, 1.5-2.2 cm in diam., with appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat, wall 1-2 mm thick on sides and ca. 3 mm near apex; scar covering 3/4-5/6 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 8, thickness_high: 10, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 12, length_high: 20, width_low: 4, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 3, length_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.2, diameter_units: cm
stalk size thickness_low: 2.0, thickness_high: 3.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus tephrocarpus Trees 10-15 m tall; branchlets, bud scales, young leaf blades, and rachis of inflorescences densely covered with ± rough brown long hairs. Branches stout, conspicuously lenticellate. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm, 5-7 mm thick; leaf blade spatulate, obovate-oblong, or oblong, 30-50 × 9-10 cm, leathery to thickly papery, ± glaucous and abaxially with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes when mature, base rounded to auriculate, margin entire or with a few teeth from middle to apex, apex acute with a blunt tip; secondary veins 21-26 on each side of midvein, adaxially slightly impressed, abruptly curving apically near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins subparallel. Infructescences 8-12 cm; rachis basally ca. 1 cm thick, hairy. Cupules in clusters of ca. 3 but 1 or 2 developed, subglobose, 3-4 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, apically narrowed and nipple-shaped, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts imbricate, ovate-triangular, brownish pubescent. Nut subglobose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., sparsely covered with appressed hairs, wall ca. 2 mm thick; scar covering base of nut, slightly convex. Fr. Aug.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: brown
bract shape shape: ovate-triangular
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: cm
infructescences size length_low: 8, length_high: 12, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf rachis color color: brown
leaf shape shape: spatulate
shape: obovate-oblong
shape: oblong
shape: auriculate
leaf size length_low: 30, length_high: 50, width_low: 9, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 21, high: 26
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
thickness_low: 5, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
plant base shape shape: convex
plant count low: 3
low: 1, high: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant hair size thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: cm
thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 2.5, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus thomsonii Trees 8-10 m tall; branchlets, petioles, young leaf blades abaxially, and inflorescences densely covered with grayish, crisp minute hairs. Branches of last year dark brown to blackish when dry, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels gray. Petiole rarely longer than 1 cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly elliptic or sometimes obovate to obovate-elliptic, 9-20 × 4-6.5 cm, thickly papery, abaxially glaucous and with adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes, base acute to cuneate, margin usually undulate, apex obtuse to acuminate; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein, ramified near margin but rarely fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves, 5-10 cm. Female inflorescences 5-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3; young cupules depressed globose, apically flat. Infructescence ca. 10 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., outside and nut densely covered with grayish crisp minute hairs and scurfy scalelike trichomes. Nut 1.3-1.4 × 1.4-1.6 cm; scar covering ca. 1/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
branch color color: brown
color: black
branch lenticel color color: gray
inflorescence axil size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
inflorescence color color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: spheric
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescence size length_low: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: acute
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 20, width_low: 4.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_low: 8, height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.3, length_high: 1.4, width_low: 1.4, width_high: 1.6, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus trachycarpus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets sulcate, sparsely covered with early glabrescent long hairs. Leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, 8-15 × 2-6 cm, rigidly papery, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to acute; midvein abaxially covered with early glabrescent long hairs; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving near margin but not fusing; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate, 5-9 cm. Female inflorescences to 20 cm; rachis puberulent; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule globose to depressed, 1.5-2 cm, completely enclosing nut, outside with oily scalelike glands, reddish brown when dry, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; bracts subulate, 1-1.5 mm. Nut ± depressed globose, 1-1.3 × 1.6-1.8 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar at basal part of nut, ca. 1 cm in diam., slightly concave. Fl. Nov-Mar, fr. Nov-Mar of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: subulate
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence gland color sex: female, color: red-brown
inflorescence gland size sex: female, thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: spheric
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 9, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
plant habit habit: tree
plant location location: basal
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, width_low: 1.6, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus triqueter Trees tall; Petiole 2-2.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to oblanceolate-elliptic, 15-25 × 5-7 cm, thickly papery, leaf blades abaxially and rachis of inflorescences with lamellate, appressed, waxy scalelike trichomes, abaxially grayish brown, adaxially dark brown when dry, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-11 on each side of midvein, curving apically, obscure near margin. Male inflorescences in a panicle, to 20 cm. Female inflorescences 8-10 cm; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescence rachis stout, base ca. 1 cm thick. Cupule subglobose, ± asymmetric, 2.2-2.6 cm in diam., enclosing nut; bracts imbricate, triangular, squamose, gray to light brown when dry, densely scurfy. Nut subglobose, 1.6-2.4 cm, depressed on 1 or 2 sides, obtusely ridged from middle to apex, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar covering ca. 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
color: brown
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence size sex: male, length_high: 20, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 8, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
infructescence base size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray-brown
color: brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: oblanceolate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 25, width_low: 5, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 11
petiole size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant count low: 1, high: 2
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size diameter_low: 2.2, diameter_high: 2.6, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 2.4, length_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus truncatus Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of last year growth lenticellate; lenticels yellowish gray, ± raised. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, basally dark brown to blackish when dry; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 10-25 × 3-7 cm, thinly leathery, concolorous, abaxially glaucous and with adherent waxy scalelike trichomes, adaxial surface of young leaves glossy when dry, base cuneate to narrowly so, margin entire, apex narrowly attenuate with apiculate-caudate tip; secondary veins 11-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially visible. Male inflorescences solitary in leaf axils or congested at apex of branches; rachis pubescent. Female inflorescences solitary or congested; cupules in clusters of 3-5(-7). Infructescence rachis base 4-7 mm thick. Cupule turbinate to obconic, 2.5-3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, enclosing most of nut, apically usually flat; bracts conspicuous, imbricate and triangular or united into interrupted rings, appressed, from base to middle of cupule, densely tawny puberulent. Nut subglobose, ca. 3 × 2.6 cm, with tawny appressed minute hairs, apex ± flat or slightly convex, wall ca. 1 mm thick on sides and ca. 1.5 mm thick near apex; scar covering 2/3-4/5 of nut, convex. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch lenticel color color: yellow-gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3, high: 5, max: 7, group: cluster
infructescence base size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 7, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: attenuate
shape: caudate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 25, width_low: 3, width_high: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 15
petiole color color: brown
color: black
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: convex
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: turbinate
shape: obconic
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
length_low: 3, width_low: 2.6, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus truncatus var. baviensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus truncatus var. truncatus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus tubulosus Trees ca. 15 m tall; branchlets, bud scales, and infructescences densely grayish brown tomentose. Petiole rarely to 1 cm, stout, hairy; leaf blade elliptic, 20-25 × 7-10 cm, both surfaces with simple and branched hairs but more densely so on midvein and secondary veins, base rounded, apex shortly caudate and falcate; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein, abruptly curving near margin, apical ones often fusing; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel. Male inflorescences paniculate. Female and androgynous inflorescences 6-8 cm; rachis ca. 5 mm thick, tawny tomentose. Cupules solitary, scattered on rachis, ca. 3.5 × 2.5-3 cm, completely enclosing nut, apically abruptly narrowed and ± elongate, wall less than 1 mm thick; bracts clawlike, reflexed. Nut chestnut brown, depressed globose, 1.2-1.7 × 2-2.3 cm, with appressed minute hairs, apex shortly pointed, wall ca. 1 mm thick; scar 1-1.3 cm in diam., concave Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
inflorescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence size length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
infructescences color color: gray-brown
leaf apex shape shape: caudate
shape: falcate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 20, length_high: 25, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 15
petiole size length_high: 1, length_units: cm
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant habit habit: tree
plant rachis shape shape: elongate
plant rachis size length_low: 3.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
plant shape shape: spheric
plant size height_low: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.7, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus uvariifolius Trees 10-15 m tall or shrubs 1-4 m tall; young branchlets, petioles, and rachis of inflorescences densely with tawny to rust-colored, ± coarse long hairs. Branches with large and conspicuous bud scars. Petiole 1-3.5 cm; leaf blade 4-22 × 2-10 cm, leathery to thickly papery, concolorous, base subrounded, margin dentate to undulate near apex or entire, apex acute, shortly caudate, or rarely shortly acuminate; secondary veins 22-35 on each side of midvein, abaxially pilose, abruptly curving apically, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous, subparallel, pilose. Male inflorescences spicate, solitary in axils of leaves or clustered at apex of branchlets; rachis stout. Female flowers usually borne on base of male inflorescence rachis, in clusters of ca. 3 or sometimes solitary. Infructescence with 1-4 developed cupules. Cupule cupular to subglobose, 2-3.5 × 3.5-5 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, outside puberulent and scurfy or rarely glabrescent, wall 2-5 mm thick; bracts narrowly oblong to lanceolate when young, rhomboid to multilateral with age. Nut subglobose, densely covered with appressed minute hairs, apex rounded, flat, or rarely concave, wall 4-8 mm thick; scar covering more than 1/2 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
shape: rhomboid
inflorescence rachis count sex: male, low: 3
infructescence count low: 1, high: 4
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: caudate
shape: acuminate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: dentate
margin_shape: undulate
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 22, width_low: 2, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 22, high: 35
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 3.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant apex size thickness_low: 4, thickness_high: 8, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: subglobose
shape: convex
plant size height_low: 10, height_high: 15, height_units: m
height_low: 1, height_high: 4, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus uvariifolius var. ellipticus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus uvariifolius var. uvariifolius
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus variolosus Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets blackish when dry, sparsely lenticellate; lenticels grayish brown. Petiole 1(-1.5) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, 6-15(-24) × 3-5(-7) cm, leathery to thickly papery, abaxially with thick adherent, waxy scalelike trichomes and ± glaucous when dry, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate and usually falcate; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein, adaxially ± impressed, fusing near margin; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to slender, evident. Male inflorescences solitary in axils of leaves or paniculate. Female inflorescences usually terminal clusters, 3-6(-10) cm; rachis stout, usually twisted, with tawny scalelike trichomes; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Infructescences 4-7 cm; rachis ca. 3 mm thick. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1.8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, usually broadest slightly apically from middle, enclosing 1/2 to most of nut, wall 1-1.5 mm thick; bracts reddish to dark grayish brown, basal bracts usually united in continuous or interrupted rings and obscurely broadly ovate or multilateral, apically triangular and small. Nut depressed globose, 1-2 × 1.2-2.6 cm, glabrous, wall ca. 0.5 mm thick; scar covering 1/5-1/3(-1/2) of nut, convex but concave at margin. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: red
color: gray-brown
bract shape location: basal, shape: ovate
location: basal, shape: triangular
branch color color: black
branch lenticel color color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence location sex: female, location: terminal
inflorescence rachis shape sex: female, shape: twisted
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_max: 10, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis size thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: falcate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 15, length_max: 24, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_max: 7, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 10
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_max: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: spheric
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.6, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 0.5, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus xizangensis Trees to 30 m tall. Branchlets of last year growth, petioles, and abaxial leaf blade surface pubescent. Petiole 2-4 cm, stout, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 25-40 × 9-15 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent, base cuneate, margin entire or sometimes apically undulate, apex acute; secondary veins 11-16 on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed when young, pubescent, covered with adherent scurfy scalelike trichomes, grayish when dry; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Male inflorescences solitary, ca. 25 cm. Infructescence to 20 cm, rachis lenticellate, base 1-1.2 cm thick; cupules in clusters of 3-5. Cupule globose, (5-)7-9 cm in diam. including bracts, completely enclosing nut; bracts subulate, completely covering cupule, 1.5-2.5 cm, straight or apical ones slightly curved, ± woody, pubescent. Nut broadly conical, ca. 2.5 × 2.8 cm, covered with minute hairs, base slightly narrowed, apex flat or slightly convex, wall 1-2 mm thick; scar covering ca. 2/3 of nut, convex. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: subulate
shape: curved
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
bract woodiness woodiness: woody
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 25, length_units: cm
infructescence base size thickness_low: 1.0, thickness_high: 1.2, thickness_units: cm
infructescence count low: 3, high: 5, group: cluster
infructescence shape shape: spheric
infructescence size length_high: 20, length_units: cm
diameter_min: 5, diameter_low: 7, diameter_high: 9, diameter_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 25, length_high: 40, width_low: 9, width_high: 15, width_units: cm
leaf vein color color: gray
leaf vein count low: 11, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: convex
plant apex size thickness_low: 1, thickness_high: 2, thickness_units: mm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 2.5, width_low: 2.8, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus xylocarpus Trees to 30 m tall. Young branchlets sulcate, tawny tomentose. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to sometimes lanceolate, 9-15 × 2-5 cm, leathery, abaxially pilose when young and glaucous with age, adaxially lustrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; midvein ± flat to slightly raised on both surfaces and usually pubescent; secondary veins 12-15 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially very slender, evident or not visible. Male inflorescences often partly androgynous, solitary, 5-10 cm; rachis tomentose. Female inflorescence rachis 5-8 cm, ca. 3 mm thick; cupules in clusters of ca. 3. Cupule subglobose but apically slightly narrowed, 3-4.5 cm in diam., completely enclosing nut, wall 3-5 mm thick; bracts linear, 2-3 mm, curved inward, densely and completely covered by minute hairs. Nut subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 2-3 cm in diam.; scar covering 4/5-5/6 of nut, convex. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
shape: curved
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 3
inflorescence rachis size sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 3, thickness_units: mm
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: subglobose
inflorescence size sex: male, length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
sex: female, diameter_low: 3.0, diameter_high: 4.5, diameter_units: cm
sex: female, thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: glaucous
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 15, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ellipsoid
shape: convex
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus yangchunensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Lithocarpus yongfuensis Trees to 16 m tall; bud scales, branchlets, and rachis of inflorescences with sparse and lax, waxy scalelike glands. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 7-13 × 2-4 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially scurfy, base cuneate to acute, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein, abaxially slightly raised, adaxially slightly impressed; tertiary veins not visible. Female and androgynous inflorescences sometimes congested at apex of branches, 5-15 cm; cupules solitary, scattered on rachis. Infructescences 5-10 cm; rachis base 3-5 mm thick. Cupule discoid, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., covering basal part of nut, basally narrowed into an elongated stalk; bracts imbricate, triangular, appressed. Nut broadly conical, 1.6-1.8 × 2-2.2 cm, glabrous, base flat, apex pointed; scar 0.7-1.9 cm in diam., concave. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence apex size length_low: 5, length_high: 15, length_units: cm
infructescences base size thickness_low: 3, thickness_high: 5, thickness_units: mm
infructescences size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: acute
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 13, width_low: 2, width_high: 4, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 14
petiole size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
plant habit habit: tree
habit: lax
plant location location: basal
plant size height_high: 16, height_units: m
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
length_low: 1.6, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 0.7, diameter_high: 1.9, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Trees or sometimes shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Trunk bark deeply splitting or exfoliating longitudinally. Winter buds ovoid-globose, ovoid-conical, or rarely ovoid-ellipsoid; scales few to many, imbricate. Leaves spirally arranged. Stipules extrapetiolar. Male inflorescence pendulous, solitary in leaf axils toward base of branchlets or in paniculate clusters on lateral or subterminal shoots; flower solitary and scattered on rachis; perianth calyciform, 4-7-lobed or more lobed; stamens 4-7 or fewer, filaments slender; staminodes small. Female inflorescences in leaf axils toward apex of branchlets, with few to many cupules; flowers solitary; perianth 5- or 6-lobed; staminodes sometimes present, small; ovary (2-or)3(or 4)-loculed; stigmas dilated or ligulate, lining inner faces of styles. Cupules solitary; bracts imbricate, scalelike, linear, or conical, adherent, prostrate, or reflexed. Nut 1 per cupule. Germination hypogeal. About 300 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America (Colombia); 35 species (15 endemic, two introduced) in China. After this treatment was published for the FOC, it came to our attention that Craibiodendron forrestii W. W. Smith (Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 160. 1912), described from W Yunnan (Nujiang valley), is a species of Quercus (see FOC 14: 459. 2005).
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: linear
bud shape shape: ovoid-spheric
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
inflorescence base location sex: male, location: lateral
ovary count low: 2
low: 3, max: 4
perianth lobe count low: 4, high: 7
low: 5, high: 6
plant count low: 1
low: 300
low: 35
low: 15
low: 5
low: 160
low: 1912
low: 14
low: 459
low: 2005
plant duration duration: evergreen
duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: prostrate
stamen count low: 4, high: 7
stigma shape shape: ligulate
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus acrodonta Trees or sometimes shrubs, to 15 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely yellowish gray shortly stellate tomentose. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly obovate, 2-6 × 1-2.5 cm, abaxially densely yellowish gray stellate tomentose, base rounded to nearly cordate, margin with spiniform scattered teeth from middle to apex, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, densely pubescent; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous beneath indumentum. Female inflorescences axillary on branches toward apex of tree; rachis yellowish brown tomentose; cupules 2 or 3. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 5 mm, densely yellowish gray tomentose. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm, imbricate, crowded, grayish tomentose except for reddish apex. Nut narrowly ellipsoid, 8-10 × 5-8 mm, apex yellowish gray tomentose; scar ca. 2 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: red
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: elliptic
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-gray
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence rachis color color: yellow-gray
infructescence rachis size length_low: 5, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf color color: yellow-gray
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 11
petiole color color: yellow-gray
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant apex color color: yellow-gray
plant count low: 2, high: 3
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant rachis color color: yellow-brown
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 8, length_high: 10, width_low: 5, width_high: 8, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus acutissima Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets 1.5-2 mm in diam., yellowish gray tomentose, glabrescent, yellowish gray with age, lenticellate; lenticels yellowish brown. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 8-19 × 2-6 cm, concolorous, tomentose, glabrescent or only veins abaxially tomentose with age, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex long acuminate; secondary veins 13-18 on each side of midvein, fusing at serration; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, ± parallel. Cupules on previous year’s branchlets, 1 or 2, cupular to discoid, 1.9-4.2 cm in diam. including bracts, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut; bracts subulate to ligulate, ca. 1.5 , reflexed, canescent. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 1.7-2.2 cm, apex impressed; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 4 mm in diam., pale grayish brown sericeous. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: subulate
shape: ligulate
branch color color: yellow-gray
color: yellow-gray
branch count low: 1, high: 2
branch lenticel color color: yellow-brown
branch size diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 2.0, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.9, diameter_high: 4.2, diameter_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: cuneate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 19, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.7, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus aliena Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets grayish brown, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, rounded. Petiole 1-1.3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-obovate to obovate, (5-)10-20(-30) × 5-14(-16) cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex slightly obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots; cupules solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1-1.5 × 1.2-2 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2 mm, crowded, grayish pubescent. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.7-2.5 × 1.3-1.8 cm; scar slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: elliptic-obovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_max: 30, width_low: 5, width_high: 14, width_max: 16, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 15
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus aliena var. aliena
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus aliena var. pekingensis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus aquifolioides Trees 10(-20) m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets pale brown stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-5 mm, sometimes nearly sessile; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 2.5-7 × 1.5-3.5 cm, densely with reddish brown to orangish brown glandular hairs (especially abaxially on midvein) when young, abaxially with slender reddish brown to orangish brown stellate hairs and simple hairs or mealy scurfy scalelike trichomes with age, adaxially glabrescent but pubescent along midvein, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; midvein apically flexuous; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences 0.5-2.5 cm; cupules 1-4. Cupule shallowly cupular, 5-6 cm × 0.9-1.2 cm, covering base of nut, outside gray pubescent, inside densely tomentose; bracts ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, apex obtuse and often free from cupule wall. Nut ovoid to narrowly so, 1.2-2 × 1-1.5 cm, glabrous. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex shape shape: obtuse
bract shape shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: lanceolate
branch color color: brown
branch shape shape: stellate
inflorescence base color sex: female, color: gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1, high: 4
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 5, length_high: 6, length_units: cm, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: red-brown
color: orange-brown
leaf hair color color: red-brown
color: orange-brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: cordate
leaf size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_low: 10, height_max: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus baronii Shrubs or trees to 15 m tall, semievergreen. Branchlets and abaxial surface of blades with grayish white stellate pubescence on 1st-year growth, usually glabrescent. Petiole 3-7 mm, yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 × 1.3-2 cm, loose stellate pubescent when young; midvein abaxially with yellowish gray villous hairs, glabrescent, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/3 or more sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 6 or 7 on each side of midvein and slightly protruding from margin; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to inconspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-1.5 cm; cupules 1-several. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis 0.5-1.5 cm, thinly tomentose, glabrescent. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1 × 1.2-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; bracts subulate, 3-5 mm, inflexed, grayish pubescent. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1-1.2 cm, apex flat or slightly depressed; scar 4-5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm, white pubescent. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: subulate
bract size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
branch surface color color: gray-white
branch surface count low: 1
branch surface shape shape: stellate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence rachis size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 2.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 7
petiole color color: yellow-gray
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 7, length_units: mm
plant color color: white
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus bawanglingensis Trees 6-8 m tall, evergreen. Petiole 5-8 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 4-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, thickly papery, base broadly cuneate to rounded and sometimes oblique, margin denticulate, apex acute to acuminate; secondary veins 6-9 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins slender, reticulate. Infructescences 3-6 mm, usually 1-fruited at maturity. Cupule cupular, 3-5 × 0.9-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts ovate to obtusely triangular, appressed imbricate, covered with short, gray hairs and scalelike glands. Nut broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar 5-6 mm in diam.; stylopodium ca. 1 mm.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract hair color color: gray
bract shape shape: ovate
shape: triangular
infructescences count low: 1
infructescences size length_low: 3, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: denticulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 4, length_high: 6, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 9
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 6, height_high: 8, height_units: m
length_low: 3, length_high: 5, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, length_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus chenii Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. First-year branchlets ca. 1.5 mm thick. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 7-12 × 2-3.5 cm, yellowish brown tomentose, glabrescent or only veins abaxially tomentose at axils, base shortly attenuate to broadly cuneate and slightly oblique, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-16 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts from base to middle triangular, adherent to cupule, tomentose, ca. 3 mm, apical bracts linear, ca. 5 mm, rectiserial or inflexed. Nut ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 × 1.3-1.5 cm, apex pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised, stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam., pale brown sericeous. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract base shape shape: triangular
bract base size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
bract shape shape: linear
bract size length_low: 5, length_units: mm
branch size thickness_low: 1.5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: attenuate
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.0, width_high: 3.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 16
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex color color: brown
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus cocciferoides Trees to 15 m tall, semievergreen. Young branchlets tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 5-8 mm, tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate, 3-8 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, pubescent when young, glabrescent, base rounded to cuneate and often oblique, margin serrate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences ca. 2.5 cm, cupules 4 or 5. Cupule cupular to kettle-shaped, 1-1.2 × 1-1.5 cm, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, usually not adhered to cupule, with appressed grayish hairs. Nut subglobose, 1-1.2 × ca. 1 cm, apex mucronate, tomentose; scar 2-3 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract hair color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 4, high: 5
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2.5, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: oblique
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: ovate
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: mucronate
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus dentata Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets strong, sulcate, densely yellowish gray stellate tomentose. Petiole 2-5 mm, densely brown tomentose; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, 10-30 × 6-30 cm, abaxially densely grayish brown stellate tomentose, adaxially dark green and pubescent but glabrescent, base rounded, margin with a few undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex with short, blunt tip; secondary veins 4-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 1-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 1.2-2 × 2-5 cm including bracts, enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut; bracts reddish brown, narrowly lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, inflexed or erect, leathery, abaxially with brown filiform hairs, adaxially glabrous. Nut ovoid to broadly so, 1.5-2.3 × 1.2-1.5 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: red-brown
bract hair color color: brown
bract hair shape shape: filiform
bract shape shape: lanceolate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
branch color color: yellow-gray
branch shape shape: stellate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: gray-brown
color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 30, width_low: 6, width_high: 30, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 10
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.3, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus dolicholepis Trees to 16 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets yellowish gray stellate tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 4-5 mm, tomentose; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-spatulate, or obovate-elliptic, 2-8 × 1.5-4 cm, leathery, with yellowish brown simple or fascicled hairs when young, abaxially pubescent or glabrescent, adaxially smooth or rugose, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or cordate, margin entire or apically serrate, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to obscure. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Cupule cupular, ca. 1 × 2 cm including bracts, enclosing 2/3-3/4 of nut; bracts reddish brown, linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, grayish pilose, apex reflexed. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.2-1.7 × 1.3-1.5 cm, apex tomentose; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: red-brown
color: gray
bract shape shape: linear-lanceolate
bract size length_low: 5, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-gray
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence rachis size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate-spatulate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 16, height_units: m
length_low: 1, width_low: 2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.7, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus engleriana Trees to 25 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets yellowish gray tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or elliptic, 6-16 × 2.5-5.5 cm, densely yellowish brown pubescent but glabrescent or abaxially retaining fascicled hairs on axil of veins, adaxially flat to rugose, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or rarely shallowly cordate, margin serrate from middle to apex or sometimes entire, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially flat or sometimes impressed; secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident to prominent or obscured by indumentum when young. Female inflorescences axillary on apical portion of young shoots, 1-3 cm. Infructescence 1-5 cm; cupules 1-10. Cupule bowl-shaped, 4-7 × 8-12 mm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, grayish brown pubescent basal to middle, apex purple red and glabrous. Nut narrowly ovoid, 1-2 × 0.6-1 cm, glabrous; scar 3-5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium 2-3 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: purple-red
bract color color: gray-brown
bract location location: basal
bract shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-gray
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
infructescence count low: 1, high: 10
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_high: 5, length_units: cm
leaf apex margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
shape: cordate
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
shape: ovate-elliptic
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 6, length_high: 16, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 5.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 10, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, width_low: 8, width_high: 12, width_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 0.6, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus fabri Trees or occasionally large shrubs, to 20 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets densely gray to grayish brown tomentose. Petiole 3-5 mm, yellowish brown pubescent; leaf blade obovate to elliptic-obovate, 7-15 × 3-8 cm, both surfaces with yellowish gray stellate hairs, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin undulate to serrate, apex obtuse to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences 1-4 cm; cupules 2-4. Cupule cupular, 4-8 × 8-11 mm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, crowded. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, ca. 1.7 × 0.7-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar 5-7 mm in diam., slightly raised. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
branch color color: gray
color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 4
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 4, length_high: 8, width_low: 8, width_high: 11, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf hair color color: yellow-gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: undulate
margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic-obovate
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 15, width_low: 3, width_high: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole color color: yellow-brown
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.7, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus franchetii Trees to 15 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely with yellowish gray simple and fascicled hairs. Petiole 1-2 cm, densely yellowish gray tomentose; leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 5-12 × 2.5-6 cm, thinly leathery, with dense yellowish gray glandular fascicled or simple hairs when young, abaxially densely with yellowish gray and glandular hairs with age, base cuneate to rounded, margin glandular-tipped serrate from middle to apex, apex acuminate to obtuse; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially prominent. Female inflorescences 1-2 cm; cupules 5 or 6. Infructescence 1-2 cm; rachis densely yellowish gray tomentose. Cupule cupular to sometimes discoid, (0.4-)0.7-1.2 × 1-1.4 cm, enclosing to 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 2 mm, abaxially tuberculate, gray tomentose. Nut subglobose, 1.1-1.3 × 0.9-1.3 cm, sparsely gray tomentose, apex truncate to depressed; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Sep.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 2, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 5, high: 6
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
infructescence rachis color color: yellow-gray
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: yellow-gray
leaf hair color color: yellow-gray
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: orbicular
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 6.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole color color: yellow-gray
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: truncate
plant color color: gray
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_min: 0.4, length_low: 0.7, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.1, length_high: 1.3, width_low: 0.9, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus fulvisericeus
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus griffithii Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets yellowish gray pilose or pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1 cm, grayish brown shaggy; leaf blade obovate to obovate-elliptic, 10-20(-30) × 4-10 cm, abaxially densely with grayish stellate hairs, sometimes glabrescent, base rounded to narrowly cuneate, margin serrulate, apex shortly acuminate to acuminate; midvein abaxially with long simple hairs; secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots; cupules solitary or in fascicles of 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1.2-1.5 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts narrowly ovate-triangular. Nut ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: ovate-triangular
branch color color: yellow-gray
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, diameter_low: 1.2, diameter_high: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, length_max: 30, width_low: 4, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 18
petiole color color: gray-brown
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.0, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus guyavifolia Quercus guyavifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & E. H. Wilson var. rufescens (Franchet) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; Q. ilex Linnaeus var. rufescens Franchet; Q. pannosa Handel-Mazzetti; Q. pileata Hu & W. C. Cheng; Q. semecarpifolia Smith var. rufescens (Franchet) Schottky. Shrubs or trees to 15 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely reddish to dark brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole (1-)2-4(-7) mm, brown tomentose; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 2-9 × 1.5-5 cm, abaxially with brown spongy glandular hairs and pale brown stellate hairs and not glabrescent, adaxially hairy along midvein, base rounded, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 5-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins often hidden by indumentum. Female inflorescences 2-6 cm. Cupule cuculliform to shallowly cupular, 0.6-1 × 1-3 cm, margin of rim expanded to wavily rugose at maturity, inside with a thick, pale grayish brown indumentum; bracts lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1-2 mm, grayish brown tomentose from base to middle, apex reddish brown, obtuse, distinct from cupule wall, and glabrous. Nut ovoid to subglobose, 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., glabrous, apex obtuse; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Sep-Nov of following year. * Montane forests to subalpine scrub; 2500-4000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: red-brown
bract apex shape shape: obtuse
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
bract size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: mm
branch color color: red
color: brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: brown
leaf hair color color: brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 2, length_high: 9, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 12
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_min: 1, length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_max: 7, length_units: mm
plant apex shape shape: obtuse
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant margin color color: gray-brown
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 1, width_high: 3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_high: 1.8, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2500, length_high: 4000, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus kingiana Trees to 12 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets of current year densely with yellowish gray stellate hairs, 2nd-year branchlets glabrous or sparsely hairy. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, densely yellowish brown tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 7-11 × 3-5 cm, abaxially with yellowish gray stellate hairs, base nearly rounded to oblique, margin apical portion serrate, apex shortly acuminate to cuspidate; secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein, abaxially raised, adaxially inconspicuous; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescences ca. 1.5 cm; rachis with yellowish gray stellate hairs. Cupule campanulate, ca. 1.5 × 2 cm, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts triangular-ovate, crowded, gray tomentose. Nut ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.5 cm, apex rounded; scar raised.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular-ovate
branch count low: 2
branch hair color color: yellow-gray
branch hair shape shape: stellate
infructescences hair color color: yellow-gray
infructescences hair shape shape: stellate
infructescences size length_low: 1.5, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: oblique
leaf hair color color: yellow-gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 11, width_low: 3, width_high: 5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 12
petiole color color: yellow-brown
petiole size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: campanulate
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 2, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 2, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus lanata Trees to 30 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely grayish brown pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, grayish brown tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 9-20 × 3-8.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially densely with grayish stellate hairs but glabrescent, adaxially densely pubescent especially on midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin sharply serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12-17 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Female inflorescences axillary on young shoots, 4-14 cm; cupules 10 or more. Cupule cupular, 0.6-1 × 0.8-1.5 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, basal bracts abaxially tuberculate, grayish brown pubescent. Nut ovoid-conical, 1.5-2 × 1-1.2 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jun-Jul of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color location: basal, color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray-brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 10
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 4, length_high: 14, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf hair color color: gray
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 9, length_high: 20, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 8.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 12, high: 17
petiole color color: gray-brown
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 0.6, length_high: 1.0, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 1, thickness_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 1, length_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus lodicosa Trees 15-20 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets densely reddish tomentose, grayish brown with age, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels inconspicuous. Petiole 0.8-2 cm, tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 7-14 × 3.5-5 cm, densely reddish tomentose when young, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose with age; midvein basal portion adaxially pubescent, base broadly cuneate and nearly unequal, margin except basal portion sharply serrate, apex cuspidate to shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 14-18 on each side of midvein and adaxially impressed. Infructescences short, usually 1-fruited. Cupule discoid, 5-10 mm × 1.8-2.2 cm; bracts broadly ovate, thick and hard, crowded, tomentose. Nut oblate-conical, ca. 2 cm in diam., glabrous or apex slightly brown tomentose; scar 1-1.2 cm in diam., flat.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: ovate
branch color color: red
color: gray-brown
infructescences count low: 1
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: red
color: yellow-gray
leaf location location: basal
leaf margin location location: basal
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: ovate-elliptic
leaf size length_low: 7, length_high: 14, width_low: 3.5, width_high: 5.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 14, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 0.8, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
plant apex color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_low: 15, height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.0, diameter_high: 1.2, diameter_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus marlipoensis Trees to 18 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets ca. 4 mm in diam., yellowish brown tomentose, glabrescent, lenticellate, lenticels brownish, oblong, convex. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, thinly tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate, 15-22 × 6-11 cm, leathery, abaxially stellate tomentose along midvein, base rounded, margin with scattered teeth or entire and slightly inflexed, apex shortly acuminate; midvein adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16-20 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 0.8 × 1.4 cm, inside grayish brown tomentose, wall ca. 2 mm thick; bracts ovate, crowded, purple-red tomentose except for apex.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: purple-red
bract shape shape: ovate
branch color color: yellow-brown
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: oblong
shape: convex
branch size diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 15, length_high: 22, width_low: 6, width_high: 11, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 16, high: 20
petiole size length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
plant color color: gray-brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant size height_high: 18, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, width_low: 1.4, width_units: cm
thickness_low: 2, thickness_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus mongolica Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets purple-brown, angular, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, (5-)7-19(-23) × (2-)3-11 cm, hairy along veins, glabrescent, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with (5-)7-10 undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex truncate, shortly mucronate, or cuspidate; secondary veins (5-)10-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm; cupules 4 or 5 but usually only 1 or 2 fertile. Perianth 6-lobed. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-1.8(-2.8) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts basal from cupule rim triangular-ovate, abaxial surface semiglobose tuberculate, sparsely to densely grayish pubescent; bracts at rim of cupule patent, margin fimbriate. Nut narrowly ovoid, ovoid, or ovoid-ellipsoid, (1.5-)2-2.4 × (1-)1.3-1.8(-2.3) cm, glabrous except for apex; scar 5-8(-13) mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape location: basal, shape: triangular-ovate
bract surface color location: basal, color: gray
branch color color: purple-brown
branch shape shape: angular
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 4, high: 5
sex: female, low: 1, high: 2
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: truncate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf count min: 5, low: 7, high: 10
leaf margin shape margin_shape: undulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: mucronate
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 7, length_high: 19, length_max: 23, width_min: 2, width_low: 3, width_high: 11, width_units: cm
leaf vein count min: 5, low: 10, high: 18
perianth lobe count low: 6
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 0.8, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.8, width_max: 2.8, width_units: cm
length_min: 1.5, length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.4, width_min: 1.0, width_low: 1.3, width_high: 1.8, width_max: 2.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 8, diameter_max: 13, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus monimotricha Shrubs (0.5-)1(-2) m tall, evergreen. Branchlets nearly whorled, with brown fascicled indumentum. Petiole ca. 3 mm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 2-3.5 × 1.2-3 cm, with conspicuously stipitate fascicled and floccose hairs when young, abaxially retaining scattered fascicled hairs but sometimes subglabrescent, adaxially glabrescent but base of fascicled hairs remaining evident (under a hand lens), base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin with long spiniform teeth, sometimes entire, apex obtuse to mucronate; secondary veins 4-7 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescence rachis 5-10 mm; cupules 1 or 2. Cupule shallowly cupular, 3-4 × ca. 10 mm, covering base of nut; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, grayish brown tomentose, patent at rim of cupule. Nut ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.8-1 cm, glabrous or apex glabrescent; scar ca. 4 mm in diam., slightly raised, stylopodium ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: brown
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence rachis size length_low: 5, length_high: 10, length_units: mm
infructescence size length_low: 3, length_high: 4, width_low: 10, width_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 2.0, length_high: 3.5, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 7
petiole size length_low: 3, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_min: 0.5, height_low: 1.0, height_max: 2.0, height_units: m
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.3, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus multinervis
Trait Label Trait Data
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus oxyphylla Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, often finely striate. Petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, densely with yellowish brown stellate hairs; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 5-12 × 2-6 cm, stellate tomentose when young, abaxially pubescent with age, base rounded to cordate, margin apically with shallow teeth or entire, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 6-12 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Infructescence 1-2 cm, rachis pubescent, with 1 or 2 cupules. Cupule cupular, 1.2-1.5 × 1.8-2.5 cm including bracts, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts linear-lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, yellowish brown tomentose, apex inflexed. Nut narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, 2-2.5 × 1-1.4 cm, apex yellowish brown pubescent; scar 3-5 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
bract shape shape: linear-lanceolate
bract size length_low: 5, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-brown
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence rachis count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: oblong
shape: elliptic
shape: stellate
shape: cordate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 6, high: 12
petiole hair color color: yellow-brown
petiole hair shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 0.5, length_high: 1.5, length_units: cm
plant apex color color: yellow-brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.5, width_low: 1.8, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.4, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus palustris Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets brown, glabrous. Petiole 2.5-5 cm, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 10-20 × 7-10 cm, abaxially greenish and glabrous or floccose, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin with 5-7 lobes on each side ending in 10-30 awns, apex acuminate. Female inflorescence ca. 1 cm; cupules solitary or 2 or 3. Cupule cupular, 1-1.2 × 1.5-1.8 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, crowded, glabrous. Nut brownish, narrowly ellipsoid, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent, glabrescent, apex rounded; scar flat or slightly impressed; stylopodium present. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
branch color color: brown
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 2, high: 3
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 1.8, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: green
leaf count low: 10, high: 30
leaf lobe count low: 5, high: 7
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 10, length_high: 20, width_low: 7, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
petiole size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.0, length_units: cm
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 2.0, length_high: 2.5, width_low: 1.5, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus phillyreoides Shrubs or trees to 10 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets slender, grayish brown pubescent, gradually glabrescent. Petiole 3-5 mm, pilose; leaf blade green, obovate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly ovate, 2-6(-8) × 1.5-3 cm, glabrescent or midvein abaxially remaining pilose with age, base rounded to nearly cordate, margin glandular serrulate, apex mucronate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous to evident but very slender. Female inflorescences 1-4 cm. Cupule cupular, 6-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, crowded, grayish pubescent except for apex. Nut ellipsoid, 1-2 × 0.5-1 cm; scar 3-4 mm in diam., flat or slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray-brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
leaf color color: green
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
shape: ovate
shape: cordate
leaf size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_max: 8, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 3.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 13
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: shrub
habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
length_low: 6, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1, length_high: 2, width_low: 0.5, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_high: 4, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus rehderiana Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets pale brown tomentose, glabrescent. Petiole 2-5(-7) mm, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblong, or obovate, 3-8(-13) × 2-5(-6) cm, reddish brown to orangish brown stellate, abaxially glabrescent but usually retaining some stellate hairs, adaxially glabrescent but pubescent along the midvein, base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; midvein flexuous; secondary veins 4-8(-12) on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure. Female inflorescences 3.5-16 cm. Infructescences 6-16 cm; rachis brown tomentose. Cupule shallowly cupular, 4-7 mm × (0.6-)1-1.5 cm, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut; bracts linear-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, densely yellowish gray pubescent, apex obtuse, brown, and glabrous. Nut ovoid, 1-1.2 × 0.7-1.2 cm, glabrous or apex slightly pubescent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: brown
bract apex shape shape: obtuse
bract color color: yellow-gray
bract shape shape: linear-lanceolate
shape: triangular-ovate
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm
branch color color: brown
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 3.5, length_high: 16.0, length_units: cm
infructescences rachis color color: brown
infructescences size length_low: 6, length_high: 16, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf color color: red-brown
color: orange-brown
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: elliptic
shape: oblong
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 3, length_high: 8, length_max: 13, width_low: 2, width_high: 5, width_max: 6, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 8, max: 12
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_max: 7, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_min: 0.6, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.2, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus robur Trees 40-50 m tall, deciduous. Young branchlets pubescent, soon glabrescent; branchlets reddish brown, glabrous, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, rounded. Petiole 2-5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, 5-17 × 2-10 cm, abaxially greenish and hairy along veins but glabrescent, adaxially green, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with 5-7 rounded or retuse lobes on each side, apex truncate to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 5-7(-10) on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm. Perianth usually 6-lobed. Cupule shallowly cupular, ca. 8 mm × 1.2-1.5 cm, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1.5 mm, flat or abaxially slightly protruding, sparsely pubescent. Nut ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1-1.3 cm, apex pubescent; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., slightly raised. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1.5, length_units: mm
branch color color: red-brown
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 0.5, length_high: 2.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: truncate
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: auriculate
leaf color color: green
leaf margin count low: 5, high: 7
leaf margin shape shape: orbicular
shape: retuse
leaf shape shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 17, width_low: 2, width_high: 10, width_units: cm
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 5, high: 7, max: 10
perianth lobe count low: 6
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 40, height_high: 50, height_units: m
length_low: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus semecarpifolia Quercus semecarpifolia Credit: Harvard University Herbaria Quercus obtusifolia D. Don. Trees to 30 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets with prominent stellate hairs, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels narrowly rounded. Petiole 2-6 mm, brown tomentose and with stellate hairs, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly so, 5-12 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially with brown stellate hairs and scurfy powder, adaxially glabrescent or sparsely with stellate hairs, base shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins usually abaxially obscured by indumentum. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules, 2-7 cm, glabrous. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to discoid, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, at maturity inside wall usually in contact with nut ± only in region of scar, inside with a thick pale grayish brown indumentum; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm, grayish pubescent, apex brown. Nut sometimes purple-brown, subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., glabrous or apex glabrescent; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., flat or slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year. Montane forests; 2600-4000 m. S Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan]
Trait Label Trait Data
bract apex color color: brown
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: lanceolate
bract size length_low: 2, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
branch hair shape shape: stellate
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence size length_low: 2, length_high: 7, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: obtuse
leaf hair color color: brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: cordate
leaf size length_low: 5, length_high: 12, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 6.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 14
petiole color color: brown
petiole hair shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 6, length_units: mm
plant color color: gray-brown
color: purple-brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: subglobose
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_high: 3, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 6, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 2600, length_high: 4000, length_units: m
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus senescens Trees or shrubs to 15 m tall. evergreen. Young branchlets densely yellowish grayish brown stellate tomentose, somewhat glabrescent but with a persistent brown indumentum. Petiole 2-4 mm, densely yellowish grayish brown stellate tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong to obovate-elliptic, (2.5-)3-5(-8) × 1.2-2.5(-4.5) cm, when young densely with pale grayish brown non-glandular fascicled hairs and fascicled hairs on short stalks, abaxially with pale grayish brown fascicled hairs, adaxially glabrescent but base of fascicled hairs remaining evident (under a hand lens), base rounded to shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially obscure under thick indumentum. Infructescence ca. 1 cm, rachis densely pale grayish brown tomentose, glabrescent. Cupule cupular, 5-8 × 7-15 mm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts triangular, ca. 1 mm, crowded, gray tomentose. Nut ovoid, 1.2-1.8 × 0.8-1.1 cm, glabrous; scar 4-5 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-gray-brown
color: brown
branch duration duration: persistent
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence rachis color color: gray-brown
infructescence size length_low: 1, length_units: cm
leaf color color: gray-brown
leaf shape shape: oblong
shape: obovate-elliptic
leaf size length_min: 2.5, length_low: 3.0, length_high: 5.0, length_max: 8.0, width_low: 1.2, width_high: 2.5, width_max: 4.5, width_units: cm
petiole color color: yellow-gray-brown
petiole shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
habit: shrub
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 15, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, width_low: 7, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.1, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 4, diameter_high: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
stalk apex shape shape: obtuse
stalk base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
stalk color color: gray-brown
stalk margin margin shape margin_shape: entire
stalk vein count low: 6, high: 10
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus serrata Trees to 25 m tall, deciduous. Leaves subsessile to petiolate; petiole to 3 cm, glabrous or glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate, (5-)7-17 × (1.5-)3-9 cm, thinly leathery, with adherent single hairs when young, abaxially glabrous or occasionally stellate tomentose, base cuneate to nearly rounded, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate to acute; secondary veins 7-12 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences 1.5-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 5-8 mm × 1-1.2 cm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts triangular, adherent, margin pilose. Nut ovoid to ovoid-globose, 1.7-2 × 0.8-1.2 cm; scar 5-6 mm in diam., flat; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: triangular
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 3.0, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
shape: acute
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrate
leaf shape shape: petiolate
shape: elliptic-ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_min: 5, length_low: 7, length_high: 17, width_min: 1.5, width_low: 3.0, width_high: 9.0, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 7, high: 12
petiole size length_high: 3, length_units: cm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ovoid-spheric
plant size height_high: 25, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 8, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.7, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.2, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_high: 6, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus setulosa Trees to 20 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-11 × 1.5-4.5 cm, abaxially greenish and glabrous or midvein and axil of veins with yellowish brown stellate hairs, adaxially brightly green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin hispidulous, apex narrowly acuminate; secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein, adaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, ca. 5 × 10 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, grayish tomentose. Nut brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.5-2 × ca. 0.9 cm, glabrous or apex slightly pubescent; scar ca. 3 mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium short. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: ovate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
color: green
leaf hair color color: yellow-brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: ovate-lanceolate
leaf size length_low: 4.5, length_high: 11.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 12
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 2, length_units: cm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 5, width_low: 10, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.9, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus spinosa Trees 6-10(-20) m tall, evergreen. Young branchlets with yellowish brown stellate hairs, glabrescent. Petiole 1-3 mm; leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 2.5-7(-16) × 1.5-4 cm, rugose or smooth, with glandular simple and fascicled hairs when young, abaxially glabrescent but often some hairs remaining on base of midvein, adaxially glabrescent, base rounded to cordate, margin with spiniform teeth or entire, apex rounded to obtuse (sometimes acute to acuminate in Taiwan); midvein and secondary veins adaxially impressed; midvein flexuous; secondary veins 4-8 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially evident. Female inflorescences 1-3 cm. Cupule cupular, 4-9 × 7-15 mm, enclosing 1/4-1/2 of nut; bracts triangular to triangular-ovate, 1-1.5 mm, crowded, gray pubescent except for apex. Nut ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.2-2 × 0.7-1.3 cm; scar ca. 5 mm in diam.; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Sep-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray
bract shape shape: triangular
shape: triangular-ovate
bract size length_low: 1.0, length_high: 1.5, length_units: mm
branch hair color color: yellow-brown
branch hair shape shape: stellate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: orbicular
shape: obtuse
shape: acute
shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cordate
leaf shape shape: obovate
shape: elliptic
leaf size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 7.0, length_max: 16.0, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
leaf tooth margin shape margin_shape: entire
leaf vein count low: 4, high: 8
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
plant size height_low: 6, height_high: 10, height_max: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 4, length_high: 9, width_low: 7, width_high: 15, width_units: mm
length_low: 1.2, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 0.7, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 5, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus tarokoensis Trees to 12 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets slender, grayish brown pubescent, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels brownish, orbicular. Petiole 3-5 mm, brown tomentose; leaf blade narrowly ovate, 2-4 × 1.5-2.8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially midvein densely with brown stellate hairs or glabrous, adaxially midvein basal portion sometimes stellate, base shallowly cordate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; midvein and secondary veins adaxially inconspicuous. Cupule cupular, 5-7 mm × 1-1.3 cm, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, densely grayish brown pubescent except for apex. Nut narrowly ovoid, 1.4-1.8 × 0.8-1 cm, glabrous; scar ca. 3 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Nov-Dec of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: gray-brown
bract shape shape: ovate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray-brown
branch lenticel color color: brown
branch lenticel shape shape: orbicular
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cordate
leaf hair color color: brown
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf location location: basal
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 2, length_high: 4, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.8, width_units: cm
petiole color color: brown
petiole size length_low: 3, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 12, height_units: m
length_low: 5, length_high: 7, length_units: mm, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.3, width_units: cm
length_low: 1.4, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 0.8, width_high: 1.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 3, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus utilis Trees to 10 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets thin, finely striate, sparsely stellate tomentose, grayish with age, glabrescent. Petiole thin, 2-5 mm, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate, 2.5-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially greenish and with stellate hairs in axil of secondary veins, adaxially brightly green and sparsely stellate on midvein, base cuneate and decurrent on petiole, margin glandular serrulate, apex shortly mucronate; secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein, slender, evident, adaxially impressed; tertiary veins abaxially conspicuous. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules; rachis ca. 5 mm thick, with stellate hairs. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-7 mm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, crowded, densely yellowish brown tomentose. Nut ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 7 mm, brown, glabrous but apex with filiform hairs and acuminate; scar ca. 2 mm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam., easily broken. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Nov.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-brown
bract shape shape: ovate
bract size length_low: 1, length_units: mm
branch color color: gray
branch shape shape: stellate
infructescence count low: 1, high: 2
infructescence hair shape shape: stellate
infructescence rachis size thickness_low: 5, thickness_units: mm
leaf apex shape shape: mucronate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
leaf color color: green
leaf hair shape shape: stellate
leaf margin margin shape margin_shape: serrulate
leaf shape shape: ovate
shape: elliptic-lanceolate
shape: obovate
leaf size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 5.5, width_low: 1.5, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf vein color color: green
leaf vein count low: 9, high: 11
leaf vein shape shape: stellate
petiole size length_low: 2, length_high: 5, length_units: mm
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: evergreen
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: saucerlike
shape: ovoid
shape: ellipsoid
shape: acuminate
plant size height_high: 10, height_units: m
diameter_low: 6, diameter_high: 7, diameter_units: mm
length_low: 10, width_low: 7, width_units: mm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus variabilis Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets grayish brown, glabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 8-15(-20) × 2-6(-8) cm, abaxially densely grayish stellate tomentose, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin with spiniform teeth, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident, ± parallel. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot. Cupule cupular, ca. 1.5 × 2.5-4 cm including bracts, enclosing 2/3 of nut; bracts subulate, inflexed, pilose. Nut subglobose to broadly ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., apex rounded, pale brown sericeous; scar ca. 1 cm in diam., raised; stylopodium ca. 2 mm in diam., pale brown tomentose. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct of following year.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract shape shape: subulate
branch color color: gray-brown
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: orbicular
shape: cuneate
leaf color color: gray
leaf shape shape: ovate-lanceolate
shape: elliptic
shape: stellate
leaf size length_low: 8, length_high: 15, length_max: 20, width_low: 2, width_high: 6, width_max: 8, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 13, high: 18
petiole size length_low: 1, length_high: 3, length_max: 5, length_units: cm
plant apex color color: brown
plant apex shape shape: orbicular
plant color color: brown
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
plant shape shape: subglobose
shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 30, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, width_low: 2.5, width_high: 4.0, width_units: cm
diameter_low: 1.5, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 1, diameter_units: cm
diameter_low: 2, diameter_units: mm
Fagaceae
(Flora of China)
Quercus yunnanensis Trees to 20 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets sulcate, densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, lenticellate. Petiole ca. 4-8 mm, densely yellowish brown tomentose; leaf blade elliptic to broadly obovate, (8-)12-25 × (3-)6-20 cm, densely yellowish brown stellate tomentose, base cuneate to narrowly rounded, margin with 8-10 large serrations on each side, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 8-13 on each side of midvein. Female inflorescences borne on apical portion of shoot, 2-4 cm; cupules usually 1-3. Cupule campanulate, (0.5-)1.5-1.8 × 1-2.5 cm, enclosing 1/3-2/3 of nut; bracts yellowish gray to brown, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.5-8 mm, erect or prostrate, leathery, abaxially with gray filiform hairs. Nut ovoid, 1.5-2 × 1-1.5 cm; stylopodium ca. 3 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Trait Label Trait Data
bract color color: yellow-gray
color: brown
bract hair color color: gray
bract hair shape shape: filiform
bract shape shape: lanceolate
shape: ovate
bract size length_low: 2.5, length_high: 8.0, length_units: mm
branch color color: yellow-brown
branch shape shape: stellate
inflorescence count sex: female, low: 1, high: 3
inflorescence shape sex: female, shape: campanulate
inflorescence size sex: female, length_low: 2, length_high: 4, length_units: cm
sex: female, length_min: 0.5, length_low: 1.5, length_high: 1.8, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 2.5, width_units: cm
leaf apex shape shape: acuminate
leaf base shape shape: cuneate
shape: orbicular
leaf color color: yellow-brown
leaf margin count low: 8, high: 10
leaf shape shape: elliptic
shape: obovate
shape: stellate
leaf size length_min: 8, length_low: 12, length_high: 25, width_min: 3, width_low: 6, width_high: 20, width_units: cm
leaf vein count low: 8, high: 13
petiole color color: yellow-brown
petiole size length_low: 4, length_high: 8, length_units: mm
plant duration duration: deciduous
plant habit habit: tree
habit: prostrate
plant shape shape: ovoid
plant size height_high: 20, height_units: m
length_low: 1.5, length_high: 2.0, width_low: 1.0, width_high: 1.5, width_units: cm
length_low: 3, length_units: mm